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4U Biology

Population Dynamics

QuestionAnswer
Carrying capacity refers to the maximum number of organisms that can be sustained by availableresources over a limited period of time.
Fecundity the potential for a species to produce offspring in one lifetime.
Exponential growth Populations growing continuously but no fixed breeding season (J-shaped curve).
r per capita growth rate (= B-D)
doubling time (td) =0.69/r
Geometric growth Exhibited in populations with a breeding season Growth at fixed rate in fixed time intervals.
Growth rate (λ) = N(t + 1)/ N(t)
Density-dependent factors A factor that influences population regulation and is related to the density of the population. eg. competition, predation, disease
Density-in dependent factors Factors that are generally NOT related to the density of the population eg human caused (habitat loss; pollution, extreme weather)
To estimate a population size in the future: N(t) = N(0) λ ^t
Clumped dispersion species are more concentrated in certain areas eg. packs of wolves
Mark-Recapture method of estimating pop size (N = n*M/m) N= pop size; n=# of indiv recaptured; M= # of indiv marked originally; m= # marked indiv in the recapture
ecological density the number of individuals of a specific species per unit of USEABLE habitat or area
r and k strategists r-strategists focusing on high reproduction rates in unstable environments and K-strategists prioritizing high parental investment (but few offspring) for survival in stable environments.
 



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