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POLITICAL LAW EXAM
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Define crime and two examples | act or omission against society punishable by law; murder and manslaughter |
| Example of summary offence | speeding |
| Example of indictable offence | murder |
| What is access and how is it upheld? | everyone is able to access all resources available throughout the legal system; pro bono lawyers |
| What is fairness and how is it upheld? | impartial or just treatment without favoritism or discrimination; presumption of innocence |
| What is equality and how is it upheld? | state of being equal in rights or opportunities; ensuring everyone's trial is heard by a 12 person jury |
| What is social cohesion? | willingness of society to cooperate, follow shared rules and look out for each other in order to live successfully and safely |
| What is rule of law? | everyone is bound by and must adhere to laws and the laws should be such that people are able and willing to abide by them |
| Example of rule of law and how it upholds it | presumption of innocence; all accused are not considered guilty until sufficient evidence proves otherwise |
| What are the five characteristics of an effective law? | be known, be enforceable, be clear and understood, be stable and reflect society's values |
| What are the five purposes of sanctions? | punish, protect, rehabilitation, denounce and deter |
| Explain rehabilitation as a purpose of sanction | design to reform an offender from recidivism; done through mental health programs or alcohol treatment |
| Explain deterrence as a purpose of sanction | sentences that discourage offenders and others from committing a crime in the future; includes fines and curfews |
| Define sanction | punishment given to a person found guilty of a crime, severity depends on crime committed |
| Court hiearchy? | High court -> supreme court (trials and appeals division) -> county court -> magistrates court |
| What is the Koori court? | sentencing court of Indigenous offenders who plead guilty to a crime |
| Features of a Koori court | involves Aboriginal elders and using a shared language |
| Jurisdiction of County court | hearing all indictable offences except murder |
| Australia's two systems of government | representative democracy and constitutional monarchy |
| Which government system is Australia modelled after? | Westminster system |
| How do you change the constitution in Australia? | a referendum where all citizens over 18 must vote, where a double majority must be achieved to pass the law |
| What is international aid? | voluntary transfer of resources from one country to another |
| Who provides international aid? | NGOs and the government |
| What is developmental aid + example? | long term programs; healthcare and vaccines |
| What is emergency aid + example? | immediate aid and relief; DART |
| Example of NGO and what they do | CARE Australia; creating womens right programs to ensure gender equality is maintained |
| Why are NGOs more effecting at providing aid than the government? | NGOs aren't bound by the constitution, meaning they have more freedom in choosing who to help |
| What makes up the legislative of Indonesia? | The Peoples Consultant Assembly, containing two chambers called the DPD and DPR |
| What is the role of the AEC in federal elections? | Run the election, maintain official list of voters and to count/declare the outcome of the vote |
| What is human rights? | Moral or legal entitlement to have or be able to do something |
| What are the three sources of rights? | Statute, common and constitution |
| Identify a law protected under statute | Racial Discrimination Act |
| Identify a law protected under common | Right to legal representation |
| Identify a law protected under constitution | Trial by jury |
| Identify three roles of the UN | Protect people, prevent conflict and build rule of law |
| Identify 3 types of peacekeepers | Police, military and civilian |
| What are two ways Australian peacekeepers helped East Timor? | Created referendum process that led to independence and supported military and law enforcement |
| Identify two strengths of prison as a tool to seek rehab | Access to counselling services and separates people from bad behaviour |
| Identify two weaknesses of prison as a tool to seek rehab | High recidivism rates and exposure to inmate violence |
| What is civic participation + two examples? | taking part in activities that shape society or influence decisions; voting and protesting |
| What are the two types of civic participation? | active and global citizenship |
| Define active participation | being informed and involved in community |
| Define global participation | understanding and acting on issues beyond your community |
| Define diaspora | group of people who share a common homeland but live in different countries |
| Define multiculturalism | many different countries, traditions and languages coexisting |
| Distinguish between multiculturalism and diaspora | Multiculturalism is different ethnicities inhabiting one nation, whereas diaspora is one nation's people being spread across different nations with their own traditions and customs |
| What are two ways migrants influence the economy? | Workforce contribution and tax contribution |
| What are two ways migrants influence the culture? | Food and language diversity |
| What are two ways migrants influence politics? | Representation in government and voting |
| What is cultural hybridity + example? | Bringing elements from different cultures to form a unique identity; harmony day |
| What are three characteristics of a resilient democracy? | free and fair elections, freedom of speech and media and equal rights |
| Define misinformation | false information shared under the assumption the information was true |
| Define disinformation | false information created to trick or mislead people |
| Identify two ways misinformation spreads | Social media algorithms and emotional content spreading faster than factual content |
| What are three symbols of Lady Justice? | blindfold, swords, scales |
| What does the blindfold represent? | unbiased decision making |
| What does the scales represent? | balanced weighing of evidence |
| What does the sword represent? | power of the law |
| Define indictable offence | serious offence usually heard by a judge and jury |
| Define summary offence | minor offence usually heard in the magistrates court |
| Responsibility of legislative branch + who it consists | making and changing laws; house of representatives, senate and the governor-general |
| Responsibility of executive branch + who it consists | putting laws made by the legislative in action; prime ministers, other ministers and governor-general |
| Responsibility of judiciary branch + who it consists | settling disputes and applying the law; courts, judges and magistrates |
Created by:
miguel(^.^)