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US FInal
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| The spread of factories lead to the decline of | household manufacturing. |
| What region in the United States was the least urbanized? | the South |
| The factory system asked workers to | forgo the traditional artisan system of mentorship for industrial productivity. |
| The accelerating growth of a national market was due in large measure to the fact that the cost of ________ dropped by 95% between 1825 and 1855. | transportation on land |
| What was the benefit of the production of interchangeable parts? | It made product assembly go more quickly and easily. |
| During the quarter-century after the War of 1812 ended, the most expansive force in the American economy was | cotton production. |
| The spread of the market in the first half of the nineteenth century in the United States produced greater | specialization. |
| The steamboat was first introduced ________ but had its greatest impact ________. | on the Hudson River; on western rivers |
| Which of the following did farmers begin to do in their shift toward commercial agriculture? | adopt scientific farming methods |
| The national market economy created a society that was more differentiated and specialized. That new condition, in turn, caused | an increasingly unequal distribution of wealth in society, with those at the top controlling a greater share. |
| What was the most important reason for textile factories seeking proximity to rivers? | The factories depended on water for powering machinery. |
| Craftworkers such as carpenters, printers, and tailors formed unions, and in 1834 individual unions came together in the | National Trades' Union. |
| In 1820, how did the Boston Associates in Lowell, Massachusetts, try to avoid—in their own factories—the misery that surrounded the factories they had visited in England? | by combining paternalistic care with high profits |
| Of the following statements, which is the most accurate in explaining why the Panic of 1819 was so significant? | As the first major American depression, it affected city folk and rural Americans alike. |
| What made mountain men like Jedediah Smith and James Walker so popular with Americans between the mid-1820s and the mid-1840s? | They symbolized the American quest for individual freedom. |
| For industrial workers, work in the factory resulted in ________ compared to work as a skilled artisan. | less personal freedom |
| How did Andrew Jackson defend Native American removal in his farewell address? | He said tribes had finally been saved from oppression. |
| In the Jacksonian party system, | the Whigs supported a very active role for government; the Democrats generally favored a limited government. |
| Which of the following statements about the nullification crisis of 1832 is FALSE? | Jackson eventually backed down from the controversy and gave in completely to South Carolina's demands. |
| The process, championed by John Ross, whereby the Cherokees created a constitution, adopted white ways, and began selling their surplus crops was known as | accommodation. |
| Americans in the age of Jacksonian democracy celebrated equality, but they did not mean equality of wealth or condition; rather, they meant equality of ________. | opportunity |
| In the case of Worcester v. Georgia, the Supreme Court ruled that ________ had full authority over Indian land. | the states |
| In protest against the federal tariff, John C. Calhoun of South Carolina developed a theory, which supported state sovereignty and ultimately laid the groundwork for southern secession. | Nullification |
| Jackson finally destroyed the national bank by | refusing to continue to deposit federal funds in it, and depositing them in selected state banks instead. |
| Which of the following was NOT an important characteristic of politics in the age of Jackson? | end of the spoils system of filling public offices with political supporters |
| What had made South Carolinians so sensitive about the issue of slavery? | Whites only at the last minute detected the slave conspiracy under Denmark Vessey. |
| Why did most states eliminate property qualifications for voters, and even for candidates, in the 1820s and 1830s? | They felt the pressure of citizens championing the will of the people. |
| In the presidential election of 1824, | the House of Representatives chose the president, because no candidate received a majority of the popular vote. |
| The system whereby victorious candidates for political office replace officeholders with their own supporters | spoils system |
| Which of the following is an example of the democratic behavior Americans wished to display toward anyone in the 1820s? | shaking hands and strike up a conversation with people they didn't necessarily know |
| Which of the following was NOT a way in which states in antebellum America discriminated against free African Americans? | Each vote of a slave counted as only three-fifths of a white person's vote in Southern states. |
| Which of the following statements best describes the attitude of Jacksonian Democrats toward slavery and blacks? | They accepted the institution of slavery in the South and opposed rights for free blacks in the North. |
| Why did the Whigs prominently involve women in their 1840 campaign? | They urged women to morally instruct their husbands. |
| The revivals spearheaded by Charles Finney during the Second Great Awakening upheld the doctrine that | deliverance was available to all who were converted. |
| Which of the following best describes the impact of evangelicalism on the lives of women in the antebellum years? | It enabled women to enter public life. |
| The ideal of domesticity | held that women's sphere was the home and family. |
| The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints is also known as | the Mormon Church. |
| What reform movement won temporary political success through the Maine Law? | the anti-drinking crusade |
| What was the platform of the Liberty Party in 1840? | abolition |
| The ________ was the popular name given to a network of contacts that helped runaway slaves, often guided by fellow escapees like Harriet Tubman, reach freedom in Canada. | Underground Railroad |
| The gag rule of 1836 | tabled any congressional discussion of slavery. |
| Who supported women's education and argued that women exercised power as moral guardians of the nation's future? | Catharine Beecher |
| Which of the following is NOT an accurate statement concerning the significance of the Second Great Awakening? | It reinforced the sense of pessimism and guilt that was present in America at the time. |
| Evangelical black churches grew in the North even as they were being suppressed in the South after 1820. The most important of the new black independent churches was the | African Methodist Episcopal Church |
| The writer ________ built a cabin on the edge of Walden Pond in Concord, living by himself for 16 months to demonstrate the advantages of self-reliance. | Henry David Thoreau |
| Which of the following statements about Romanticism is accurate? | it glorified the individual. |
| Transcendentalists in antebellum America emphasized | feeling over reason. |
| The abolitionist movement split in 1840 | over the issue of women's rights. |
| ________ was an American activist on behalf of the indigent insane and, through a vigorous program of lobbying state legislatures and the United States Congress, created the first generation of American mental asylums | Dorothea Dix |
| Why did Methodists and Baptists split into Northern and Southern organizations in the 1840s? | They split over the issue of abolitionism. |
| Which denominations did the approximately one million slave church members in the American South typically belong to? | Methodist and Baptist |
| The Virginia debate of 1832 | was the last significant attempt by white southerners to take action against slavery. |
| How did planters like to present themselves to the critics of slavery in antebellum America? | as benevolent fathers to childlike, dependent slaves |
| Free blacks in the South | lived mostly in the Upper South. |
| What southern state had the largest African American majority prior to the Civil War? | South Carolina |
| What was true about slavery as a labor system? | The gang and task systems were the two main ways of organizing slaves' work. |
| Texan cotton planters in the antebellum South showed all the characteristics of | capitalist businessmen. |
| The most successful slave revolt occurred in | French Saint Domingue. |
| Which of the following is NOT true of Nat Turner's revolt? | Turner rebelled due to extreme mistreatment by a series of harsh Louisiana masters. |
| Manufacturing lagged in the South because | high profits from agriculture discouraged other possible investments. |
| Why did slaveholders in the upper South sell their slaves during the antebellum years? | Their new crops of wheat and corn required less labor and left slaves idle. |
| Which statement best summarizes the effects of slavery on the southern economy? | It retarded southern development and led to economic dependency on the North. |
| Which of the following did Southern white women despise the most about plantation society? | widespread double standard for sexual behavior |
| In terms of sheer numbers, which of the following groups made up the backbone of southern society? | yeoman farmers who owned no slaves |
| Which of the following was a problem slave families faced on a routine basis? | the rape of wives and daughters |
| What was the purpose of folktales in antebellum American slave culture? | to teach youth how to survive in a hostile world |
| The slave population | was concentrated in the Deep South. |
| Had it passed, the Wilmot Proviso would have | prohibited slavery in any territory won from Mexico. |
| What explains the relatively autonomous development of New Spain's and then Mexico's provinces of California, New Mexico, and Texas? | the geographic isolation of the northern provinces |
| A group of American settlers near Sacramento launched a revolt against Mexico; and in June 1846 they proclaimed California an independent republic. This action was the | Bear Flag Revolt. |
| How did European migrants on the overland trail to Oregon change the lives of Native Americans? | They scared off game and reduced buffalo herds. |
| A famous novel by the daughter of Lyman Beecher rallied northern hostility toward one particular component of the Compromise of 1850, the | fugitive slave law, which allowed southerners to more easily reclaim their runaway slaves. |
| Why was James K. Polk interested in the Pacific region? | because of its harbors. |
| The doctrine of Manifest Destiny | was used to justify U.S. expansion southward and westward. |
| When Sam Houston assumed office as the president of the new republic of Texas in October 1836, he expected | to see the republic annexed by the United States. |
| Why did many Chinese open up laundries in San Francisco in the 1850s? | It required little capital and aroused no white opposition. |
| When did Mexico concede defeat in the Mexican-American War? | when General Winfield Scott captured Mexico City |
| The government of the newly independent nation of Mexico invited U.S. settlers to immigrate to its frontier border province of _______. | Texas |
| The settlements of the Mormons in Utah | were established as family-centered communities dominated by church leaders. |
| Which of the following was an important moderate or mediating position on slavery in the 1850s? | A territory's voters should determine whether or not to permit slavery within its boundaries. |
| The trek west on the Overland Trail | was difficult and stressful on everyone involved, but placed a special strain on women. |
| Why did most Southerners feel that the Compromise of 1850 was drawing a firm line in the sand? | With California's admission, free states now had a senatorial majority. |
| The doctrine of Manifest Destiny had historical roots in | Puritan theology. |
| The most common threat natives posed to white settlers on their overland journey to Oregon in the 1840s was | theft of stock. |
| In his Freeport Doctrine, Douglas defended popular sovereignty despite the Dred Scott ruling by arguing that | if the people of a territory refused to pass a slave code, slavery would never be established there. |
| Why did Southerners object to the wave of immigrants of the late 1840s and 1850s? | They worried that more immigrants in the North would shift the balance of political power. |
| The Crittenden Compromise | sought to extend the Missouri Compromise to California. |
| Uncle Tom's Cabin, a novel that was quickly adapted into a play, had a significant impact on northern opinion because it | conveyed a moral condemnation of slavery. |
| Which statement about the Republican party is NOT true? | It attracted a coalition of voters throughout the nation. |
| What did John Brown hope to accomplish with his raid of the armory at Harpers Ferry in 1859? | He wanted to foment a slave rebellion. |
| Abraham Lincoln was the first president | from west of the Appalachians. |
| The Know-Nothing or nativist movement (later the American party), which prospered especially in the northeastern states, was characterized by its | anti-Catholic, anti-immigrant position. |
| The Dred Scott decision actually involved three distinct Supreme Court rulings. Which of the following was NOT included? | The popular sovereignty doctrine was a violation of the First Amendment. |
| Republicans sought to broaden their appeal with voters with all of the following except | a protective tariff. |
| What allowed Isaac Singer to mass-produce sewing machines in 1851? | the use of interchangeable parts |
| What was the greatest appeal of the Gadsden Purchase of 1853, gained under President Franklin Pierce? | It contained the most practical southern route for a transcontinental railroad. |
| Why did Southerners complain that the North had tried to convert the South into a colony? | Northerners controlled much of the nation's banking and commerce. |
| How did the Panic of 1857 further cement Southerners' confidence in the viability of a confederacy? | The downturn did not affect the South, keeping Southerners prosperous. |
| Political parties disintegrated in the 1850s; the last one to shatter, in 1860, was the ________ Party. | Whig |
| Why was Stephen Douglas so eager to get the rest of the Louisiana Purchase organized into territories? | He wanted a transcontinental railroad built from Chicago to California. |
| The Kansas-Nebraska Act resulted in all of the following EXCEPT | the restoration of the Missouri Compromise. |
| What was Jefferson Davis's central problem in organizing the South for war? | In a society that prized states' rights, Davis had to centralize authority. |
| The Union victory at Vicksburg | secured control of the Mississippi, dividing the Confederacy. |
| Lincoln's Emancipation Proclamation declared slaves to be free | in those areas of the South under Confederate control. |
| Which of the following was the most important method of financing the war for the Confederacy? | printing paper money. |
| What made the rifle such an important technological invention in the Civil War? | It had an effective range of four hundred yards. |
| At the beginning of the Civil War, which one of the following factors favored the South? | the fact that the fighting would be on southern soil |
| The battle at Antietam Creek was significant for all the following reasons EXCEPT that it | proved McClellan could mastermind a victory after all. |
| How did the war change the role of Southern white women? | It led to increasing responsibility for them on the plantation. |
| Due to the Union blockade, | the Confederacy had to turn to Europe for the necessary manufactured goods, the Confederacy ultimately became industrially self-sufficient, and many southern plantations switched from cotton to raising grain and livestock. |
| What was the cause of the riots in New York City in 1863? | the draft |
| Republicans gave the scornful nickname of ________ to northerners who opposed the war effort. | Copperheads |
| What was the purpose of exempting one white man for every plantation with twenty or more slaves from the Confederate draft? | It was designed to preserve control of the slave population. |
| What is true about African Americans during the Civil War? | Many slaves escaped to Union lines, where they were put to work or even allowed to join the army. |
| What was the first Union success of the war? | holding the border states in the Union |
| What was the largest historical significance of the service of women as nurses during the Civil War? | It reduced hostility toward women in the field of medicine. |
| The victory of the Union in the Civil War demonstrated the capacity of a modern army to | overcome the problems of distance and terrain with technology. |
| One component of the Republican economic legislation passed during the war was the ________ Act, which provided 160 acres of public land to settlers who would farm for five years. | Homestead |
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