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Unit 11: Mesoamerica
World History Pre AP World: Latin America
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Mesoamerica | region of North America, including Mexico and Central America, in which civilizations with common cultural features developed before Europeans entered the continent |
| maize | corn |
| Olmec | the earliest American civilization, located along the Gulf Coast of Mexico from about 1200 B.C. to 400 B.C. |
| stela | in the ancient world, a tall, commemorative monument that was often decorated |
| Tenochtitlan | capital city of the Aztec empire |
| chinampa | in the Aztec empire, an artificial island used to cultivate crops and made of mud piled atop reed mats that were anchored to the lake bed with willow trees |
| tribute | payment that conquered peoples may be forced to pay their conquerors |
| Teotihuacan | city that dominated the Valley of Mexico from about a.d. 200 to a.d. 750 and that influenced the culture of later Mesoamerican peoples |
| adobe | a mixture of clay and plant fibers that becomes hard as it dries in the sun and that can be used for building |
| Nazca | a culture that thrived in the Andean region from about 200 b.c. to a.d. 600 |
| Tiahuanaco | a culture that thrived in the Andean region from about a.d. 200 to 1000 |
| Sapa Inca | the title of the Inca emperor |
| quipu | knotted strings used by Inca officials for record-keeping |
| ayllu | in the Inca empire, a close-knit village |
| Inti | the Inca sun god |
| Pachacuti Inca Yupanqui | Pachacuti Inca Yupanqui (1438–1471) was a skilled warrior growing up. He expanded the Inca empire to what is now Peru and Equador. His capital was Cuzco, and he is credited with developing its city plan. |
| conquistador | “conqueror” in Spanish; a leader in the Spanish conquests of America, Mexico, and Peru in the sixteenth century |
| immunity | resistance, such as the power to keep from being affected by a disease |
| alliance | formal agreement between two or more nations or powers to cooperate and come to one another’s defense |
| civil war | a war fought between groups of people in the same nation |
| viceroy | representative of the king of Spain who ruled colonies in his name |
| encomienda | the right, granted by Spanish monarchs to conquistadors, to demand labor or tribute from Native Americans in a particular area |
| peon | a worker forced to labor for a landlord to pay off a debt that is impossible to pay off in his or her lifetime, which is incurred by food, tool, or seeds the landlord has advanced to him or her |
| peninsular | in Spanish colonial America, a person born in Spain |
| creole | in Spanish colonial America, an American-born descendant of Spanish settlers |
| mestizo | in Spanish colonial America, a person of Native American and European descent |
| mulatto | in Spanish colonial America, a person of African and European descent |
| privateer | Dutch, English, and French pirates who preyed on treasure ships from the Americas in the 1500s, operating with the approval of European governments |
| Hernan Cortes | Spanish conquistador (1485–1547) overthrew the Aztec Empire by capturing Tenochtitlán in 1521 through indigenous alliances. As the first governor of New Spain, he established Spanish rule in Mexico before being removed from power and returning to Spain. |
| Moctezuma | (1466-1520) Last Aztec emperor. Mistakenly thought that the conquistador Cortés may be the god-king Quetzalcoatl. Defeated by Cortés, forced to sign over his land and treasure. Taken prisoner and killed, when Aztecs tried to drive Spanish - Tenochtitlán. |
| Francisco Pizzaro | Francisco Pizarro (c. 1476–1541), born poor, joined Balboa’s 1513 expedition. In 1532, he conquered Peru, deposed Atahualpa, founded Lima in 1535, and was assassinated by rivals. |
| Bartolome de Las Casas | Bartolomé de las Casas (c. 1474–1566), a Dominican priest, championed Native American rights, exposing encomienda abuses and securing 1542 laws against their enslavement. He spent his life advocating for Indigenous rights. |
| Columbian Exchange | the global exchange of goods, ideas, plants and animals, and disease that began with Columbus’s journey to the Americas |
| inflation | economic cycle that involves a rapid rise in prices linked to a sharp increase in the amount of money available |
| price revolution | period in European history when inflation rose rapidly |
| capatalism | economic system in which the means of production are privately owned and operated for profit |
| entrepreneur | person who assumes financial risk in the hope of making a profit |
| mercantilism | policy by which a nation sought to export more than it imported in order to build its supply of gold and silver |
| tariff | tax on imported goods |
| Commercial revolution | A period of European economic expansion, colonialism, and mercantilism which lasted from about the 1500s until the early 1700s. It included the growth of capitalism, banking, and investing. |
| free enterprise system | economic system, also known as capitalism, in which private businesses are able to compete with each other w. little control by gov. Products, prices, and services are driven by free market laws of supply and demand rather than government regulations. |
Created by:
Anwaar Khan