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dosage form
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| ampule | A sealed glass container that usually contains a single dose of medicine. The top of the ampule must be broken off to open the container. |
| aromatic water | A mixture of distilled water with an aromatic volatile oil. |
| buccal | Pertaining to the inside of the cheek. |
| buffered tablet | A tablet that prevents ulceration or irritation of the stomach wall. |
| caplet | A tablet shaped like a capsule. |
| capsule | A solid dosage form in which the drug is enclosed in either a hard or soft shell of soluble material. |
| cream | A semisolid emulsion of either the oil-in-water or the water-in-oil type, ordinarily intended for topical use. |
| dosage strength | The amount of medication per unit of measure. |
| elixir | A clear, sweetened, hydroalcoholic liquid intended for oral use. |
| emulsion | A system containing two liquids that cannot be mixed together in which one is dispersed, in the form of very small globules, throughout the other. |
| enteric-coated tablet | A tablet covered in a special coating to protect it from stomach acid, allowing the drug to dissolve in the intestines. |
| fluidextract | A pharmacopeial liquid preparation of vegetable drugs, made by filtration, containing alcohol as a solvent or as a preservative, or both. |
| form | The structure and composition of a drug. |
| gavage | Feeding with a stomach tube. |
| gel | A jelly or the solid or semisolid phase of a colloidal solution. |
| gelcap | An oil-based medication that is enclosed in a soft gelatin capsule. |
| granule | A very small pill, usually gelatin- or sugar-coated, containing a drug to be given in a small dose. |
| induration | An excessive hardening or firmness of any body site. It is one of the signs of inflammation. |
| intradermal injection | Between the layers of the skin. A dose of an agent administered between the layers of the skin. |
| intramuscular injection | Inside a muscle. Normally used in the context of an injection given into a muscle. |
| intravenous injection | Into a vein. Most commonly used in the context of an injection given directly into a vein. |
| liniment | A liquid preparation for external use, usually applied by friction to the skin. |
| lotion | A semisolid preparation applied externally to protect the skin or to treat a dermatologic disorder. |
| lozenge | A small, disk-shaped tablet composed of solidifying paste containing an astringent, an antiseptic, or an oil-based drug used for local treatment of the mouth or throat. It is held in the mouth until dissolved. Also known as a troche. |
| mixture | A mutual incorporation of two or more substances, without chemical union, in which the physical characteristics of each of the components are retained. |
| ointment | A semisolid preparation that usually contains medicinal substances and is intended for external application. |
| oral | Pertaining to the mouth. Medication given by mouth. |
| parenteral | Administration by some means other than through the gastrointestinal tract; referring particularly to introduction of substances into an organism by intravenous, subcutaneous, intramuscular, or intramedullary injection. |
| paste | A topical, semisolid formulation containing a pharmacologically active ingredient in a fatty base. |
| pill | A small, globular mass of soluble material containing a medicinal substance to be swallowed. |
| plaster | A solid preparation that can be spread when heated and that becomes adhesive at the temperature of the body. |
| powder | A dry mass of minute separate particles of any substance. |
| solution | A liquid dosage form in which active ingredients are dissolved in a liquid vehicle. |
| spirit | An alcoholic or hydroalcoholic solution of volatile substances; also called an essence. |
| subcutaneous injection | The administration of medication by means of a needle and syringe into the layer of fat and blood vessels beneath the skin. |
| sublingual | Pertaining to the area under the tongue. |
| supply dosage | Refers to both the dosage strength and the form of the drug: the number of measured units per tablet of the concentration of a drug. |
| suppository | A small, solid body shaped for ready introduction into one of the orifices of the body other than the oral cavity (e.g., rectum, urethra), made of a substance, usually medicated, that is solid at ordinary temperature but melts at body temperature. |
| suspension | A liquid dosage form that contains solid drug particles floating in a liquid medium. |
| sustained-release (SR) | A capsule that provides a controlled release of the dosage over a designated period of time. |
| syrup | A liquid preparation in a concentrated aqueous solution of a sugar used for medicinal purposes or to add flavor to a substance. |
| tablet | A solid dosage form containing medicinal substances with or without suitable diluents. |
| tincture | An alcoholic solution prepared from vegetable materials or from chemical substances. |
| topical | Pertaining to a drug that is applied to the surface of the body. applied directly to the area where a reaction is desired. The resulting effect is often local. |
| total volume | The quantity contained in a package. |
| troche | A small, disk-shaped tablet composed of solidifying paste containing an astringent, antiseptic, or oil-based drug used for local treatment of the mouth or throat. It is held in the mouth until dissolved. Also known as a lozenge. |
| vial | A small glass or plastic bottle intended to hold medicine. |
| wheal | An intensely itchy skin eruption larger than a hive. |
| Z-track method | A method of intramuscular injection of medication in which the skin must be pulled to one side before the tissue is grasped for the injection of such medication. It is used when a drug is highly irritating to subcutaneous tissues or has the ability |
| Drug Sources | plant, animal (including humans), mineral or mineral products, synthetic (chemical substances), and engineered (investigational drugs). |
| Plant Sources | grouped by their physical and chemical properties. Alkaloids are organic compounds that have been combined with acids to make a salt |
| Animal sources | body fluids and glands of animals, can act as drugs. The drugs obtained from animal sources include enzymes such as pancreatin and pepsin. Hormones such as thyroid and insulin are also derived from animal sources. |
| Mineral Sources | from the earth and soil are used to provide inorganic materials unavailable from plants and animals. They are used as they occur in nature. Examples include iron, potassium, silver, and gold, which are used to prepare medications |
| Synthetic Sources | These drugs are called synthetic or manufactured drugs because they are not found naturally in this state but rather are artificially created substances. |
| Bio or Genetically Engineered Sources | The newest area of drug origin is gene splicing or genetic engineering. The newer forms of insulin for use in humans have been produced with this technique. |
| Dosage Strength | The amount of the medication per unit of measure (the amount per tablet, capsule, milligram, or milliliter). refers to its dosage weight, the amount of the drug provided in a specific unit of measurement. Milligrams are common dosage measurements |
| Form | identifies its structure and composition. Solid dosage forms include tablets and capsules. Powders and granules can be directly combined with food and beverages. Some must be reconstituted (liquefied) and measured precisely |
| Supply Dosage | refers to both dosage strength and form. For solid-form medications, supply dosage is read as “X measured units per tablet.” For liquid medications, it is the same as the medication’s concentration, such as “X measured units per milliliter.” |
| Total Volume | the full quantity contained in a vial, bottle, or package. For solid medications, it is the total number of individual items (e.g., capsules or tablets). For liquids, it is the total fluid volume |
| Administration Route | the site of the body or the method of drug delivery intended, for example, oral (PO), intramuscular (IM), intravenous (IV), or topical. There are many different administration routes. Unless otherwise instructed, capsules, caplets, and tablets are intend |
| Spray or Aerosol | A liquid or fine powder that is sprayed in a fine mist. |
| Enteral | applied to the gastrointestinal system. The desired effect is systemic. |
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