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unit 5 vocab
unit 5
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Slash and Burn Agriculture | Another name for shifting cultivation, so named because fields are cleared by slashing the vegetation and burning the debris. |
| Green revolution | Rapid diffusion of new agricultural technology, especially new high-yield seeds and fertilizers. 1950s and 1960s. |
| subsistence Agriculture | Agriculture designed primarily to provide food for direct consumption by the farmer and the farmer’s family. |
| Intensive Agriculture | A form of subsistence agriculture characteristics of Asia’s major population concentrations in which farmers must expend a relatively large amount of effort to produce the maximum feasible yield from a parcel of land. (smaller plots of land, more labor) |
| Agriculture | The deliberate effort to modify a portion of Earth’s surface through the cultivation of crops and the raising of livestock for sustenance or economic gain. |
| Agribusiness | Commercial agriculture characterized by the integration of different steps in the food-processing industry, usually through ownership by large corporations. |
| Columbian Exchange | The widespread transfer of plants, animals, precious metals, commodities, culture, human populations, technology, diseases, and ideas between the New World (The Americas) and the Old World (Afro-Eurasia). |
| Horticulture | The growing of fruits, vegetables, and flowers. |
| Milk Shed | The area surrounding a city from which milk is supplied. |
| Capital Intensive | A productive process that requires a high percentage of investment in fixed assets (machines, capital, plant) to produce. |
| Second Agricultural Revolution | An unprecedented increase in agricultural production in Britain arising from increases in labor and land productivity between the mid-17th and late 19th centuries. This happened at the same time as the Industrial Revolution. |
| Aquaculture | The cultivation of seafood under controlled conditions. |
| Dairy Farming | A form of commercial agriculture that specializes in the production of milk and other dairy products. |
| Truck Farming | Commercial gardening and fruit farming, meaning “barter” or “exchange of commodities.” |
| Agricultural Hearths | The birthplace of a crop or animal or where a crop/animal is known to have originated before its spread throughout the world. Fertile Crescent, Nile River Valley, Indus River Valley, Mesoamerica are all examples of this. |
| Agricultural Revolution | The time when human beings first domesticated plants and animals and no longer relied entirely on hunting and gathering. |
| Value Added Specialty Crops | Crops that are changed physically, produced in a manner that enhances their value and physically segregated in a manner that results in enhancement of value. |
| Irrigation | The supply of water to land or crops to help growth, typically by means of channels. |
| Commercial Agriculture | Agriculture undertaken primarily to generate products for sale off the farm. |
| Desertification | Degradation of land, especially in semiarid areas, primarily because of human actions such as excessive crop planting, animal grazing, and tree cutting. Also known as semiarid land degradation. |
| Hunters and Gatherers | Lifestyle in which food is obtained by foraging (getting food from naturally occurring sources.) |
| Plantation Farming | A large farm in tropical and subtropical climates that specializes in the production of one or two crops for sale, usually to a more developed country. |
| Third Agricultural Revolution | Another name for the Green Revolution, was a period of technology transfer initiatives that saw greatly increased crop yields. These changes in agriculture began in developed countries in the early 20th Century and spread globally until the late 1980s. |
| Von Thunen Model | Theory of how farmers choose where to grow crops based on distance to market and transportation costs. |
| Nomadic Hearding | Livestock are herded in order to seek for fresh pastures on which to graze. |
| Genetic Modification (GM) | A living organism that possesses a novel combination of genetic material obtained through the use of modern biotechnology. |
| Double Cropping | Harvesting twice a year from the same field. |
| Mediterranean Agriculture | Type of agriculture that has mild, wet winters and hot dry summers. Central and Southern California, Central Chile, South Australia, Greece, Italy. Can grow citrus fruits, Olives, grapes, grains. |
| Organic Farming | Growing food without using synthetic chemicals or genetically modified seeds. |
| Extensive Aggriculture | Agricultural production system that uses small inputs of labor, fertilizers and capital relative to the land area being farmed. (larg plots of land, large machinery, less workers) |
| Cereal Grain | A grass that yields grain for food. |
| Deforestation | Deliberate destruction of forests for human activities such as farming, logging and mining. |
| Shifting Agriculture | A form of subsistence agriculture in which people shift activity from one field to another; each field is used for crops for a relatively few years and left fallow for a relatively long period. |
| Domestication | The process of adapting wild plants and animals for human use. |
| Mixed Crop and Livestock Farming | Commercial farming characterized by integration of crops and livestock; most of the crops are fed to animals rather than consumed directly by humans. |
| Biotechnology | The use of living organisms or their parts to make useful products or solve problems. |
| Fair Trade | An alternative to international trade that provides greater equity to workers, small businesses, and consumers, focusing primarily on products exported from developing countries to developed countries. |
| Livestock Ranching | Type of extensive agriculture of raising herds of animals on large tracts of land. |
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