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Biology Ch. 20
Test
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| the science that deals with the structure of the human body is human _______ | Anatomy |
| the science that deals with the various processes and activities that take place in the human body is human _____ | Physiology |
| a foreign material in the body that stimulates antibody production or begins cell-mediated immunity | Antigen |
| Lymph is identical in composition to ____ ____. | Blood plasma |
| a way to train the immune system to ignore certain stimuli to avoid allergic reactionsliving things are made up of _____ | Immunotherapy |
| living things are made up of _____ | Cells |
| made of cells that receive sensory information from other sources and transmit electrical signals back to those sources | Nervous Tissue |
| tissue that supports, connects, and protects other structures in the body | Connective Tissue |
| nonliving secretions produced by cells to provide structural and biochemical support holds tissue together | Matrix |
| tissue that is made of cells that can contract; tighten to move either the body or substances through the body | Muscle Tissue |
| tissue that makes up everything from the lining of our blood vessels to our skin | Epithelial Tissue |
| this system is made of skin and protects the body from antigens | Integumentary |
| this system is made of a variety of bones, supports and protects the body, and allows the body to move | Skeletal |
| this system powers the motion of the bones and joints | Muscular |
| this system helps the body digest food, absorb nutrients, and eliminate wastes | Digestive |
| this system protects the body from disease-causing antigens | Lymphatic |
| activate killer T cells | T cells |
| function primarily in humoral immunity | B cells |
| mature in the thymus | T cells |
| activate memory B cells | B cells |
| function primarily in cell-mediated immunity | T cells |
| produce antibodies | B cells |
| helper T cells activate ____ __ _____ following an infection | Suppressor T cells |
| this system uses the kidneys and bladder to maintain water balance in the body | Urinary |
| Fingernails are made primarily of _____. | Keratin |
| body functions controlled and regulated by hormone-secreting glands in this system | Endocrine |
| hair follicles are located in this layer of the skin | Dermis |
| this system involves the heart, which pumps blood through blood vessels to deliver nutrients throughout the body | Circulatory |
| this system allows the body to breathe, exchanging gases between the blood and air | Respiratory |
| this system coordinates and controls movement and processes sensory information from the body’s environment | Nervous |
| this system includes sex organs for reproduction, or procreation | Reproductive |
| a tissue that covers or lines a structure, particularly the outermost layer of the skin | Epidermis |
| the thick inner layer of the skin | Dermis |
| In which type of immunity do helper T cells signal B cells to being producing antibodies? | Humoral |
| the layer of fat and connective tissue below the dermis of the skin | Subcutaneous |
| these cells collect texture, pressure, and temperature information from the environment to send to the rest of the body | Receptor |
| this is the layer where sweat glands are located | Dermis |
| these glands release a mixture of oils, waxes, and metabolic wastes called sebum | Sebaceous |
| the reaction of tissues to infection or injury; characterized by increased blood flow, redness, pain, and swelling | Inflammatory response |
| a protein substance produced to eliminate antigens that have entered the body | Antibody |
| the clear fluid found between body cells that is absorbed by the lymphatic system and returned to the bloodstream | Lymph |
| a small organ in the lymphatic system through which lymph flows and in which lymphocytes are found | Lymph node |
| located near the heart where T-cells mature and learn what to fight and what to leave alone | Thymus |
| stores B cells that make antibodies to eliminate bacteria and viruses | Spleen |
| large veins near the collar bone where all lymph travels to rejoin the blood stream | Subclavian veins |
| fight antigens in the lymph nodes by grabbing and engulfing antigens | Macrophages |
| stimulate the production of antibodies | Lymphocytes |
| a type of lymphocyte that functions in humoral immunity | B cell |
| any of several types of lymphocytes involved in cell-mediated immunity | T cell |
| an immunity in which an individual receives antibodies that have been formed by another individual or an animal | Passive immunity |
| an immunity in which the body makes its own antibodies or has activated T cellsfor a particular antigen | Active immunity |
| an immunity to disease involving activated cells and consisting mainly of T cells | Cell mediated |
| an immunity to disease involving antibodies and B cells | Humoral |
| a disease in which the body’s immune system cannot distinguish between body cells and pathogens | Autoimmune disease |
| method of exposing a person to a controlled amount of a disease-causing factor for the purpose of developing an immunity | Vaccination |
| List the functions of lymph. | It transports antigen-fighting cells It transports nutrients. |
| Explain what characteristic of humanity makes the study of human anatomy and physiology different from other areas of biology. | Humans are made in the image of God, and, unlike animals, we have souls. |
| Explain why a person never runs out of skin. | A person never runs out of skin because new skin cells are constantly being made to replace the old ones. |
| Explain what causes acne. | It is caused when sebaceous glands get inflamed and build up white blood cells and sebum. |
| Explain how the nervous system works together with the integumentary system. | They both help to regulate body temperatures and maintain homeostasis. |
| Explain which type of immunity would be more affected if a child suffers from a defective thymus and explain why. | Cell-mediated immunity is. It is more affected because it requires T-cells which don’t work without the thymus. |
| Explain why it is important for Christians to understand the structures and functions of the human body. | Because God made us in His image and we are supposed to protect our bodies because they are a temple. It is hard to protect our bodies if we don’t know anything about them. |
| Describe how the nervous system and integumentary system work together in response to an elevated temperature in the body. | When the body temperature rises, they work together to decrease temperatures. |
| Explain how someone can inhale some airborne virus particles but not develop any symptoms. | The memery cells can alert killer cells which can kill the virus particles before any symptoms happen. |
| Explain how the work of the lymphatic system demonstrates God’s care and concern for mankind. | God made our bodies in a special way. We are meant to protect our bodies, but certain systems like the lymphatic system protect us from things that we cannot protect ourselves from. The lymphatic system protects us from disease-causing antigens. |
Created by:
LayneIS