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Mod 3 part 2
classical conditioning
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| associative learning | learning that certain events occur together |
| respondent behavior | occurs sas an automatic response to some stimuli |
| operant behavior | operates on environment producing a sequence |
| cognitive learning | acquisition of mental info either by observing events, watching others, or through language |
| classical conditioning | type of learning linked to 2 or more stimuli (pavlov's dogs) |
| behaviorism | view that psychology should be an objective science that studies behavior without reference to mental processes |
| neutral stimulus | elicits no response before conditioning |
| unconditioned response | unlearned response to unconditioned stimulus |
| unconditioned stimulus | stimulus that naturally elicits unconditioned responses |
| conditioned response | learned responses to a previously neutral stimulus |
| conditioned stimulus | originally neutral stimulus becomes conditioned after association with unconditioned stimulus |
| acquisition | initial stage when one links a neural stimulus and an unconditioned stimulus |
| Higher-order conditioning | procedure in which conditioned stimulus in one experience is paired with a new neutral stimulus creating a 2nd conditioned response/stimuli |
| preparedness | a biological predisposition to learn associations |
| taste aversion | correlation of a taste with a feeling |
| Operant conditioning | type of learning in which a behavior becomes more likely to occur if followed by a reinforcer or less likely if followed by punishment |
| Law of Effect | Thorndike's principle that behaviors followed by favorable consequences become more likely and unfavorable consequences become less likely |
| reinforcement | in operant conditioning any event that strengthens followed behavior |
| shaping | reinforcers guide behavior toward closer approximations of desired behavior |
| discriminative stimulus | stimulus that elicits a response after association with reinforcement |
| positive reinforcement | increasing behaviors with positive stimulus when presented after response strengthens it |
| negative reinforcement | increasing desired behaviors by stopping/reducing aversive effects when removed after response strengthens |
| reinforcment schedule | pattern defines how often desired response will be reinforced |
| continuous schdule | reinforcing every time |
| partial (intermitent) schedule | reinforces only sometimes |
| fixed ratio schedule | reinforces after a specified number of responses |
| variable ratio | reinforces after an unpredictable number of responses |
| fixed interval | reinforces after a specified duration of time |
| variable interval | reinforces after an unpredictable time interval |
| primary reinforcer | an innately reinforcing stimulus such as one that satisfies a biological need |
| conditioned reinforcer | gains power through association with primary |
| instinctive drift | tendency of behavior to gradually revert to biologically predisposed patterns |
| cognitive map | a mental representation of the layout of one's environment |
| latent learning | learning that occurs but isn't apparent until incentive id presented to demonstrate |
| insight learning | solving problems through sudden insight |
| observational learning | learning by observing others |
| modeling | process of observing and imitating a specific behavior |
| prosocial behavior | positive, constructive, helpful behavior |
| anti-social behavior | negative, destructive, harmful behavior |
Created by:
vincdrea