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Radiology
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| ALARA concept | concept of radiation protection that states that all exposures should be kept "as low as reasonably achievable" |
| Anode | positive electrode in the x-ray tube |
| Atom | Basic unit of matter |
| Bremsstrahlung radiation | "Braking radiation." The sudden deceleration of electrons as they interact with highly positively charged nuclei |
| Cathode | negative electrode in the x-ray tube |
| Central ray | X-rays at the center of the beam |
| Contrast | differences in degrees of blackness on an image |
| Control panel | portion of the x-ray unit that contains the master switch, the indicator light, the selector buttons, and the exposure button. |
| Density | overall darkness or blackness of an image |
| Dental radiography | process of recording images of the teeth and adjacent structures by exposure to x-radiation |
| Digital imaging | filmless method of capturing an image and displaying it by using an image receptor, an electronic signal, and a computer to process and store the image |
| Distortion | change in the size of an image, caused by incorrect vertical angulation |
| Dose | Amount of energy absorbed by tissues |
| Dosimeter | device used to detect and measure an accumulated dosage of radiation |
| Electron | negatively charged particle in the atom |
| Energy | Ability to do work |
| Extension arm | flexible arm that is attached to the x-ray tubehead |
| Genetic effects | effects of radiation that are passed on to future generations through genetic cells |
| Image | film-based or digitally produced recordings of anatomic structures |
| Image receptor | Recording medium for an image, normally film, phosphor storage plate (PSP), or a digital sensor |
| Intensity | total energy of the x-ray beam |
| Ion | Electrically charged particle |
| Ionization | process by which electrons are removed from atoms, causing the harmful effects of radiation in humans |
| Ionizing radiation | Radiation that produces ionization, resulting in harmful effects |
| Kilovoltage peak | highest voltage of x-ray tube used during an exposure |
| Latent period | time between exposure to ionizing radiation and appearance of symptoms |
| Lead apron | device used to protect the reproductive and blood-forming tissues from scatter radiation |
| Magnification | the proportional enlargement of an image |
| Master switch, indicator light, selector buttons, exposure button | components of control panel |
| Matter | anything that occupies space and has form or shape |
| Milliampere | One one-thousandth (1/1000) of an ampere; a unit of measurement used to describe the intensity of an electrical current |
| Penumbra | blurred or indistinct area that surrounds an image |
| Personal radiation monitoring badge | device that measures exposure of personnel to ionizing radiation by measuring the intensity of visible light emitted from a crystal in the detector when heated. Intensity of light emitted is dependent upon the radiation exposure |
| Photon | Minute bundle of pure energy that has no weight or mass |
| Primary beam | Most penetrating beam produced at the target of the anode |
| Primary radiation | same as primary beam |
| Quality | the mean energy or penetrating ability of the x-ray beam |
| Quantity | number of x-rays produced in the dental unit; the quantity of x-rays produced is controlled by milliamperage |
| Radiation | forms of waves of energy emission through space or material |
| Radiograph | Image produced on photosensitive film by exposing the film to radiation and then processing it |
| Radiology | science or study of radiation as used in medicine |
| Scatter radiation | Form or secondary radiation that occurs when an x-ray beam has been deflected from its path by interaction with matter |
| Secondary radiation | X-radiation that is created when the primary beam interacts with matter |
| Sensor | Solid-state image receptor that contains a silicon chip with an electric circuit |
| Sharpness | measure of how well an image reproduces the fine details or outline of an object |
| Somatic effects | effects of radiation that cause illness and are responsible for poor health but are not passed on to offspring |
| Thyroid collar | Flexible lead shield that is placed securely around the neck |
| Tubehead | part of the x-ray unit that contains the x-ray tube, the high-voltage and low-voltage transformers, and insulating oil |
| Tungsten target | focal spot in the anode |
| X-radiation | high-energy ionizing electromagnetic radiation |
| Beam alignment device | assists in the positioning of the position indicator device |
| Bitewing | image view that shows the crowns of both aches on 1 film |
| Calcium tungstate | common type of phosphor |
| Cassette | contains extra oral films during exposure |
| Cephalometric film | shows the bony and soft tissue areas of the facial profile |
| Charge-coupled device | solid-state image sensor used in intraoral digital imaging |
| Digital image | electronic signals captured by sensors and displayed on computer monitors |
| Digitize | scanning of traditional film-based radiographs into a digital image |
| Extraoral film | film designed for use in cassettes |
| Film speed | sensitivity of the emulsion on the film to radiation |
| Intensifying screen | part inside an extraoral cassette that converts x-ray energy into visible light, which in turn exposes screen film |
| Intraoral film | film designed for placement in the patients mouth |
| Latent image | invisible image on the x-ray films after exposure but before processing |
| Occlusal | Radiographic view that shows large areas of the maxilla or mandible |
| Panoramic film | Used in cassettes to provide a wide view of both the upper and lower jaws |
| Periapical | Radiographic view that shows the crowns, root tip, and surrounding structures |
| Phosphor storage plate | Reusable film-sized plates coated with phosphor as the image receptor |
| Positioning instruments | intraoral devices used to position and hold the film, sensor, or PSP |
| Processing | a series of steps that change exposed film into a radiograph. Steps include developing ,rinsing, fixing, washing, and drying |
| Radiograph | Image produced on photosensitive film by exposing the film to radiation and then processing it |
| Teledentistry | Process of using electronic transfer of images and other information for consultation and/ or insurance purposes in dentistry |
| Tube side | solid white side of the film packet that faces the x-ray tube |
| Artifact | blemish or unintended radiographic image that is not present in the actual structure |
| Confidentiality | never revealing any personal information about the patient |
| Disclosure | process of informing the patient about a procedure, for example, the procedure for taking x-rays |
| Image receptor | recording medium for an image- a digital sensor, a phosphor storage plate (PSP), or conventional dental x-ray film |
| Informed consent | Permission granted by a patient after being informed about the risks, benefits, and alternatives of a procedure |
| Liability | accountability or legal responsibility |
| Malpractice | professional negligence |
| Negligence | Failure to provide a proper or reasonable level of care |
| Phosphor storage plates | reusable film-sized flexible plates coated with phosphor as the image receptor |
| positioning devices | intraoral devices used to position and hold the film, sensor, or PSP |
| Quality assurance | plan to ensure that the dental office produces consistent, high-quality images with a minimum of exposure to patients and personnel |
| Quality control tests | specific tests used to ensure quality in dental x-ray equipment, supplies, and film processing |
| RIsk management | policies and procedures that will reduce the chance that a malpractice lawsuit will be brought against the dentist. Key areas of risk management include patient informed consent, patient records, and confidentiality |
| Standard of care | Level of knowledge, skills, and care comparable with that of other dentists who are treating similar patients under similar conditions |
| Angulation | Alignment of central ray ofx-ray beam in horizontal and vertical planes |
| Bisecting technique | intraoral technique of exposing dental images |
| Bitewing | Type of image used for interproximal examination |
| Central Ray | X-ray at center of beam |
| Contact area | area of the mesial or distal surfaces of a tooth that touches an adjacent tooth in the same arch |
| Crestal bone | Coronal portion of alveolar bone found between the teeth |
| Developmental disability | impairment of mental or physical functioning that usually occurs before adulthood and lasts indefinitely |
| Diagnostic quality | referring to images with the proper structures and necessary density, contrast, definition, and detail for diagnostic purposes |
| Interproximal | between 2 adjacent surfaces |
| Intersecting | cutting across or through |
| Long axis of the tooth | Imaginary line dividing the tooth longitudinally into 2 equal halves |
| Occlusal technique | used to examine large areas of the upper or lower jaw |
| Parallel | moving or lying in the same plane, always separated by the same distance |
| Paralleling technique | Intraoral technique of exposing periapical and bitewing images |
| Perpendicular | Impairment in certain functions of the body, such as vision, hearing, or mobility |
| Positioning instrument | intraoral devices used to position and hold the film , sensor, or PSP |
| Right angle | Angle of 90 degrees formed by 2 lines perpendicular to each other |
| Cephalostat | Special device that allows the operator to easily position both film and patient |
| Computed tomography | Radiographic technique that produces images or "slices" of 1 layer or section of the specific areas. Also referred to as computed axial tomography scan |
| Cone beam computed tomography | A 3-dimensional digital imaging method that uses a cone-shaped beam of radiation that rotates around the patient |
| Digital panoramic units | A film less method of recording a panoramic image and displaying it by using an electronic sensor and a computer to process and store the image |
| Exposure controls | feature that allows the operator to adjust the milliamperage and kilovoltage settings |
| Extraoral Images | images taken when large areas of the skull or jaw must be examined |
| Extraoral imaging | An image of the teeth and bones made by placing the film or cassette against the face or the head and projecting the x-rays from the opposite side |
| FOV | the area that can be shown when performing imaging procedures |
| Focal trough | imaginary 3-dimensional horseshoe-shaped zone used to focus panoramic radiographs |
| Frankfort plane | Imaginary plane that passes through the top of the ear canal and the bottom of the eye socket |
| Midsagittal plane | Imaginary line that divides the patient's face into right and left sides |
| Temporomandibular joint | Joint on each side of the head that allows movement of the mandible |
| 3-dimensional digital imaging | an image that demonstrates anatomy in 3 dimensions |
Created by:
Aiden Ibarra