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mod 3
development
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| developmental psychology | studies physical, cognitive, social-emotional, development throughout life |
| Zygote | fertilized egg enterers a 2 week period of rapid cell division and develops into an embryo |
| embryo | developing human organisms from about 2 weeks after fertilization to 2 months |
| fetus | developing human organism from 9 weeks after conception to birth |
| critical period | optimal period early in life of an organism when exposure to certain stimuli or experiences produces normal development |
| motor development | order, roll over, sit up, crawl, stand, walk |
| adolesence | period from childhood to adulthood extending from period to independence |
| sex | biological characteristics |
| gender | attitude, feelings, and behaviors that a given culture associates with a persons biological sex |
| intersex | possessing both male and female sexual organs at birth |
| agression | any physical or verbal behavior intended to harm |
| relational agression | an act of aggression intended to harm someones relationship or social standing |
| sexuality | thoughts, feelings, and actions related to our physical attraction to another |
| social script | a culturally modeled guide for how to act in various situations |
| Sensorimotor | in piaget's theory stage from birth to 2 years at which infants know the world mostly in terms of sensory impressions and motor activities |
| object permenance | awareness that things continue to exist even when not perceived |
| properational | in piaget's theory stage from 2-7 at which a child learns language but not mental operations of concrete logic |
| egocentrism | in piaget's theory preoperational child's difficulty taking another's point of view (8-9 especially) |
| concrete operational | stage of cognitive development about 7-11 years at which a child can perform mental operations that enable them to think logically about concrete events |
| conservation | the principle that properties such as mass, volume, and numbers remain the same despite changes in form of objects |
| formal operational | in piaget's theory stage of cognitive development at about 12 at which people begin to think logically about abstract concepts |
| Scaffold | in vygotsky's theory a framework that offers children temporary support as they develop higher levels of thinking |
| theory of mind | peoples ideas about their own and others mental states |
| Phoneme | in a language the smallest distinctive sound unit |
| Morpheme | in a language the smallest unit that carries meaning |
| babbling stage | stage in which speech development starting around 4 months when an infant spontaneously utters various sounds not related to household language |
| one word stage | 1-2 years child speaks mostly in singal words |
| 2 word stage | about age 2 |
| telegraphic speech | early stage in which a child speaks like a telegram using mostly nouns and verbs |
| Aphasia | impairment of language usually caused by damage to Broca's or Wernicke's area |
| Broca's area | frontal lobe brain area usually in left hemisphere that helps control language expression by directing muscle movements involved in speech |
| Wernicke's area | in brain area usually in left temporal lobe involved in language comprehension and expression |
| ecological systems theory | theory on social environments influence on human developments using 5 nested systems(micro, meso, exo, macro, chrono) ranging from direct to indirect influence |
| stranger anxiety | the fear of strangers infants commonly display beginning around 8 months |
| strange situation | procedure for studying child-caregiver attachment |
| secure attachment | demonstrated by infants who comfortably explore environments in presence of caregiver, finds comfort in caregivers return |
| insecure attachment | anxious, avoidant, or disorganized attachment |
| basic trust | belief that the world is predictable and trustworthy |
| selection effect | seeking out those with similar characteristics |
| stages of development | infancy, toddler, preschool, elementary, adolescence, young adult, mid adult, late adult |
| infancy(0-1) | trust or mistrust |
| toddler(1-3) | autonomy or shame/doubt |
| preschool(3-6) | initiative or guilt |
| elementary | competence or inferiority |
| adolescence (teens-20's) | identity or role confusion |
| young adulthood (20's-40's) | intimacy and isolation |
| mid adulthood (40's-60's) | Generativity and stagnation |
| late adulthood(60's-older) | integrity or despair |
| emerging adulthood | period from about 18-mid 20's when many people in western cultures are no longer adolescents but haven't achieved full independence |
| social clock | socially preferred timing of social events such a s marriage, parenthood, and retirement |
Created by:
vincdrea