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Socail studies MCAP
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Marbury v. Madison | Judicial review, courts can declare laws as unconstitutional |
| McCulloch v. Maryland | states cannot tax federal institutions, reinforcing federal supremacy. Federal power increased over state power |
| Gibbons v. Ogden | The federal government controls interstate commerce |
| Dred Scott v. Sandford | African Americans/Slaves were denied citizenship and declared the Missouri Compromise unconstitutional. |
| Plessy v. Ferguson | ruled that racial segregation was constitutional under the “separate but equal” doctrine |
| Brown v. Board of Education | “separate but equal” schools were unconstitutional. The decision helped end legal segregation in schools |
| Gideon v. Wainwright | Court ruled that states must provide attorneys to criminal defendants who cannot pay for one. |
| Mapp v. Ohio | ruled that illegally obtained evidence cannot be used in state courts. |
| Miranda v. Arizona | ruled that police must inform suspects of their rights before questioning them |
| Tinker v. Des Moines Independent Community School District | ruled that students have free speech rights in school as long as they do not disrupt learning. |
| United States v. Nixon | ruled that the president is not above the law and must provide evidence in criminal investigations |
| Loving v. Virginia | The decision legalized interracial marriage nationwide. |