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FINAL exam review
phonetics- warm up/review questions
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| In terms of breathing for speech, what is checking action, why is it important? | -checking action is the contraction of intercostal muscles to slow and control the release of air during speech. Without it, we wouldn’t be able to produce long sentences without multiple breaths |
| Phonation- what is the function of the arytenoid cartilages? | -they are the anchors for the VF and control whether they are abducted or adducted |
| What’s the Bernoulli effect what does it have to do w phonation? | -it’s the reason for the repeating cycle of the VF closing and opening in order to equalize air pressure above and below the VF. increased airflow results in in deceased air pressure. |
| Source-filter theory | tells us that without a filter, sound coming from the source would always produce the same “buzz”, and that the filter wouldn’t produce sound without the source |
| How do cavities of vocal tract contribute to speech sound prod? | The cavities act as chambers where the sound travels through and becomes manipulated when passing articulators, selectively amplifying or dampen vibrations passing through the vocal tract. |
| What do we mean when we say we must “ignore auditory bias” when using the IPA? | we must forget about what letters make up a word -instead focus on what sounds make up the word |
| articulatory difference of how vowels are formed compared to consonants? | V- formed by shape/size of VT, the position/movement of articulators differentiate v sounds. C- formed by active articulator/organ of articulation. place and manner of articulation differentiate c sounds |
| What does the vowel quadrilateral represent? | -the different positions of the tongue in the mouth in reference to the vowel that is produced with it |
| If you had to define the term “vowel sound”, what would you say? | A (voiced) speech sound that is made with no significant constriction of the vocal tract (free flowing air), they are more powerful and intense enough to be a syllable nucleus |
| What are the four parameters that define vowels? | 1. tongue height 2. tongue advancement 3. lip configuration 4. tenseness/length |
| Why do tongue height and advancement matter to the production of vowels? | Because the shape of the oral cavity is changing with tongue position change which impacts the resonance. |
| simple vs complex sound wave | simple- one pure tone at a point in time (computerized tones) complex- made of multiple tones to show the overtone being perceived (our voice) |
| what is fundamental frequency | -The lowest frequency in any complex wave, the first harmonic. -the baseline for an individuals perceived natural pitch. |
| how are formants made in the vocal tract | a sound wave becomes amplified as it travels through the different resonant cavities of the VT ??? |
| what are formants | the frequencies of a wave which are amplified/strengthened by resonance (the effect of vocal tract shape on that location’s frequency being perceived. ) |
| what type of diphthongs can become pure vowels/monophthongs? | non-phonemic diphthongs. -happens in sped up conditions, when it's in an unstressed syllable |
| How does stop articulation work? | there is constriction somewhere along the VT. Airflow is closed off. The velum raises and builds up air pressure, creating “stop GAP” and then “stop BURST” |
| What is the alveolar tap? What is a word that might contain one? | when a /t/ or /d/ sound happens in such rapid succession that it sounds like a flutter rather than the original sound. words like “butter” “flutter” (occurring in medial, intervocalic position) |
| Why might it matter whether the velum is closed or open during stop articulation? | It must be closed for the air pressure to be stuck in the oral cavity, meaning there is a velar stop rather than a nasal |
| difference between palatalization and lateralization | palatalized= lower pitch than normal /s/, approximation further back at hard palate, tongue sides have contact lateralized= 'wet' sounding, approximation at midline, air flows freely around tongue |
Created by:
liz gelles