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BIOLOGY FE spring 10
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Relative Dating | A method used to determine the age of rocks by comparing them with those in other layers |
| Radioactive Dating (Radiometric Dating) | uses the DECAY of radioactive isotopes to measure the age of a rock more precise |
| what is a half-life? How do scientists use it to determine a rock's age? | The amount of time it takes for half of the original isotope de decay. when testing a sample ,scientist calculate the ratio of the parent isotope to the daughter isotope to determine the age of sample. |
| the six types of fossils | 1.Trace fossil -indirect evidence. ex footprint 2.Mold: impression Cast: mold filled w/sediment 3.Replacement: replaced w/ mineral crystal that leave replica 4.Petrify/Permineralization: Pore spaces fill 5.Amber: sap trap 6.Orig Mat: mummify/freeze |
| the general conditions of early earth | harsh environment w/ immense heat from volcanic activity & atmosphere w/ little to no oxygen. -liquid rock radiation "4.6B yrs ago" |
| the basics of the three types of adaptations | 1. camouflage: allows organisms to become almost invisible to predators 2. mimicry: species evolves to resemble another species 3. antimicrobial resistance: bacteria and other microbes change and no longer respond to stimulus. |
| basic terms related to reproductive isolation | -Pre Zygotic isolating mechanism: prevents individuals from diff. species from mating. (B4 fertilization) -Post Zygotic isolating mechanism: prevents a hybrid zygote from developing, or prevent hybrid offspring from reproducing. (after fertilization) |
| how different species can develop with or without a physical barrier between them | WITH barrier -Allopatric Speciation: small population isolated have better chance of diverging than main population WITHOUT barrier -Sympatric Speciation: happens in plants, esp. thru polyploidy, no longer able to interbreed w/ main population. |
| interpret the cladogram on page 437 (exact picture will be used-- what makes things different, where are the commonalities) | The closeness of clades indicate the number of characters shared. The greater the number of derived characters shared by groups, the more recently the groups share w/ lilies than any other. |
| how modern classification systems differ from previous systems | -Modern Phylogenic Species Concept: determined by evolution history -Previous Typological Species Concept: diff. based on PHYSICAL similarities Biological Species Concept: defined species as group if able to INTERBREED & produce FERTILE OFFSPRING |
| how to identify a morphological characteristic of an organism | Shared recent ancestor ex. hawks and eagles -a physical structure feature |
| why a cladogram would be used | evolutionary history of species/ group -branches indicate phylogeny |
| the term for learning that occurs during a specific time period and is permanent? | Imprinting |
| how innate behaviors are different from learned behaviors | Innate Behaviors: GENETICALLY based, and not linked to experience Learned Behaviors: result from interaction between innate behaviors & past experiences. (LEARNED) |
| the name of a cycle (such as sleeping and walking) that occurs daily | Circadian Rhythm |
| terms for learned behaviors like habituation, operant conditioning, imprinting, and classical conditioning | Habituation: a DECREASE in animal's response after repeatedly being exposed to stimulus Operant Conditioning: animal learns to associate response to stimulus w/ REWARD or punishment Classical Conditioning: association made between TWO diff. STIMULI |
| what degree most sunburns are | First Degree |
| what waterproofs and protects hair and skin | Keratin |
| what tendons and ligaments hold together | Tendons: Muscle to bone Ligaments: Bone to bone |
| what gas muscles need to make ATP | Oxygen |
| what type of cell is working in this picture: | OSTEOCLASTS form callus made of spongy bone that surrounds fracture. |
| classify the following as an inhalant, a stimulant, a depressant: alcohol, caffeine, chemical fumes, nicotine | Alcohol - Depressant Caffeine, Nicotine - Stimulant Chemical fumes - Inhalant |
| what two major things the placenta is made of? | Uterine tissue & Chorion (mom's side) (baby's side) |
| the four membranes in extra embryonic development? | Amnion, Chorion, Yolk sac, Allantois |
| some changes with aging adults? | gray hair, height loss, decrease in muscle mass, slowing of metabolism, decreased pumping ability of heart, skin elasticity loss, decrease in sensory perceptions, menopause (end in ability to have children), decrease in sperm production |
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