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Chemistry
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Define the basic structure of an atom. | Two main parts of an atom is the Nucleus (center of the atom) it contains Protons and Neutrons; the Electron cloud (surrounding the nucleus) consists of electrons moving around the nucleus. |
| Atomic Symbol | A one or two letter abbreviation used to represent an element. |
| Atomic Number | The number of protons in the nucleus of an atom. |
| Atomic Mass | The total number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an atom. |
| Isotope | Atoms of the same element that have the same number of protons but different number of neutrons. |
| Name and give atomic symbols of the four most common elements in biology. | CHON Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen |
| Valance Shell | The outermost electron shell of an atom. |
| Describe the role of electrons in chemical bonding | Electrons determine how atoms connect by being transferred or shared between atoms, which creates chemical bonds. |
| Molecule | A group of two or more atoms chemically bonded together. |
| Compound | A substance made of two or more different elements chemically bonded together in fixed proportions Ex H2O. |
| Nonpolar Covalent | Electrons are shared equally between atoms |
| Polar Covalent | Electrons are shared unequally |
| Ionic Bond | Electrons are transferred from one atom to another |
| Hydrogen Bond | Weak attraction between molecules |
| Ion | An atom or molecule that has gained or lost electrons and therefore has charge |
| Anion | A negatively charged Ion formed when an atom gains electrons |
| Cation | A positively charged ion formed when an atom loses electrons |
| Endergonic | A chemical reaction that requires a net input of energy |
| Exergonic | A chemical reaction that releases a net amount of energy |
| Hydrophilic | Substance thats attracted to water |
| Hydrophobic | Substance that repels water |
| Solution | A homogeneous mixture in which particles are completely dissolved, evenly distributed, and do not settle over time |
| Colloid | A mixture with medium sized particles that remain dispersed throughout the mixture and do not settled out |
| Suspension | A mixture with large particles that are not fully dissolved and will settle out of the mixture |
| Solvent | The substance in a solution that dissolves another substance |
| Solute | The substance that is dissolved in a solution |
| Monosaccharides | Simplest form of carbohydrates, Ex. glucose, fructose |
| Disaccharide | Carbohydrates made of two monosaccharides joined together, Ex. Table sugar, lactose |
| Polysaccharide | Complex carbohydrates made of many monosaccharides units linked together, Ex. starch, glycogen, cellulose |
| Starch | The main energy storage molecule in plants |
| Glycogen | The main energy storage molecule in animals |
| Cellulose | A structural molecule in plants. Forming the cell wall |
| Examples of Protein | Enzymes, antibodies. keratin, and collagen |
| Levels of Protein Folding | Primary: Amino acid sequence Secondary: Local folding Tertiary: Full 3D shape of one chain Quaternary: Multiple chains together |
| Examples of Nucleic Acids | DNA and RNA |
| Identify the basic components of chemical reactions | Reactants, Products, Chemical equation |
| Identify the basic patterns of chemical reactions | Synthesis (Combination), Decomposition, Exchange (Replacement) |
| Describe how enzymes catalyze chemical reactions. | By lowering the activation energy required for the reaction to occur, allowing the reaction to happen faster |
| Describe the special properties of water | Polarity:- Uneven charge distribution Cohesion:- water sticks to itself Adhesion:- water sticks to other substances High specific heat:- resists temperature change Universal solvent:- dissolves many substances Expands when frozen |
| Describe the concept of the pH scale and the difference between acids and bases. | The pH scale measures how acid or basic a solution is, 0-14, 7:neutral below 7:acidic. Acids increase the concentration of hydrogen ions in solution, while bases decrease hydrogen ion concentration and increase hydroxide ions. |
| Organic Compounds | Organic contains carbon bonded hydrogen and are typically associated with living organisms |
| Inorganic | Inorganic generally do not contain carbon bonded hydrogen and are simple substances such as water, salts, acids, and bases |
| Describe the relationship between monomers and polymers | Monomers are small and simple molecules that bond together to form larger molecules called polymers |
Created by:
user321