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Motivating Employees
Chapter 9 quiz
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is motivation? | The forces that causes a person to act or work towards goal |
| What is needed? | Something necessary for survival or well-being |
| What is an want? | Something desired but not necessary for survival |
| What are intrinsic rewards? | Internal rewards like pride, satisfaction, and accomplishment |
| What are extrinsic rewards? | External rewards like money, promotions, and bonuses |
| Who is called the "Father of Scientific Magement? | Frederick W. Taylor |
| What did Taylor believe motivated workers most? | Economic rewards and money |
| What does "one best way" mean? | Taylor believed every job has one most efficient method |
| What are the four Principles of Scientific Management? | Develop a scientific method for each job, select/train workers scientifically, encourage cooperation |
| What was an weakness of Taylor's theory? | It focused too much on money and ignored human emotions |
| Who led the Hawthorne studies? | Elton Mayo |
| What is the Hawthorne Effect? | Employees work better when they receive attention or feel cared about |
| What did the Human Relations Era focus on? | Worker feelings, behaviors, and relationships |
| Who created the Hierarchy of Needs theory? | Abraham Ma-slow |
| What are the five levels of Mas-low's Hierarchy? | Physiological, safety, social, esteem, and self-actualization |
| What are physiological needs? | Basic survival needs like food, water, and shelter |
| What are safety needs? | Security, protection, and stable employment |
| What are social needs? | Friendship, belonging, and relationships |
| What are esteem needs? | Respect, confidence, and recognition |
| What are self-actualization needs? | Achieving fall potential and personal growth |
| According to Ma-slow, what usually happens before higher needs motivate someone? | Lower-level needs must first be satisfied |
| Who developed Theory X & Theory Y? | Douglas Gregor |
| What is Theory X? | A pessimistic view that workers dislike work & avoid responsibility |
| What type of manager uses Theory X? | A |
| What did the Human Relations Era focus on? | Worker feelings, behaviors, and relationships |
| Who created the Hierarchy of Needs theory? | Abraham Ma-slow |
| What are the five levels of Mas-low's Hierarchy? | Physiological, safety, social, esteem, and self-actualization |
| What are physiological needs? | Basic survival needs like food, water, and shelter |
| What are safety needs? | Security, protection, and stable employment |
| What are social needs? | Friendship, belonging, and relationships |
| What are esteem needs? | Respect, confidence, and recognition |
| What are self-actualization needs? | Achieving fall potential and personal growth |
| According to Ma-slow, what usually happens before higher needs motivate someone? | Lower-level needs must first be satisfied |
| Who developed Theory X & Theory Y? | Douglas Gregor |
| What is Theory X? | A pessimistic view that workers dislike work & avoid responsibility |
| What type of manager uses Theory X? | A controlling and strict manager |
| What is Theory Y? | An optimistic view that workers enjoy responsibility and can self-direct |
| What type of manager uses Theory Y? | A supportive manager who trusts employees |
| Who created Theory Z? | William Ouchi |
| What does Theory Z emphasize? | Long-term employment, loyalty, teamwork, and employee well-being |
| Who created the Motivator-Hygiene Theory? | Frederick Heisenberg |
| What are motivating factors? | Intrinsic job factors that create satisfaction |
| Give examples of motivating factors? | Achievement, recognition, responsibility, advancement, growth |
| What are hygiene factors? | Extrinsic factors that prevent dissatisfaction |
| Give examples of hygiene factors. | Salary, polices, supervision, working conditions, job security |
| What is expectancy theory? | People work harder when they believe effort will lead to rewards |
| What is equity theory? | Employees compare fairness of rewards and treatment with coworker |
| What happens if employees feel treated unfairly? | Motivation and satisfaction decrease |
| What is goal-setting theory? | Specific and challenging goals improve performance |
| What makes goals motivating? | They must be specific, difficult, accepted, and include feedback |
| What is reinforcement theory? | Behavior is influenced by consequences |
| What increases behavior in reinforcement theory? | Rewards or positive consequences |
| What decreases behavior in reinforcement theory? | Punishment or negative consequences |
| What is job enlargement? | Adding more tasks to a job |
| What are benefits of job enrichment? | Higher job satisfaction and lower turnover |
| What is job rotation? | Moving employees between |
| What is flextime? | Employees choose their work schedules |
| What is telecommuting? | Working remotely from home using technology |
| What is job sharing? | Two people split one full-time job |
| Why is employee recognition important? | It makes employees feel valued and motivated |
| What is telecommuting? | Working remotely from home using technology |
| What is job sharing? | Two people split one full-time job |
| Why is employee recognition important? | It makes employees feel valued and motivated |
| What are examples of employee recognition? | Bonuses, praise, awards, days off, thank-you messages |
| What is gain-sharing? | Employees share rewards from increased group productivity |
| What are stock options? | Opportunities for employees to buy stock at lower prices |
| What are ESOPs? | Employee Stock Ownership Plans where employee receive company stock |
| What is absenteeism? | Employees missing work unexpectedly |
| Why is absenteeism a problem? | It increases costs and stress for coworkers |
| What is turnover? | Employees leaving a company |
| Why is high turnover bad for companies? | It costs money and lowers morale |
| How can companies reduce absenteeism and turnover? | Wellness programs, attendance incentives, support programs, and flexible schedules |
| Theory X=? | Workers dislike work |
| Theory Y=? | Workers enjoy responsibility |
| Hawthorne Effect=? | Attention improves performance |
| Expectancy Theory=? | "If I work hard, I'll be rewarded" |
| Equity Theory=? | Employees want fairness |
| Mas-low's highest Need=? | Self-actualization |
| Heisenberg's motivators are what type of rewards? | Intrinsic rewards |
| Heisenberg's hygiene factors are what types of rewards? | Extrinsic rewards |
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