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GEOLOGY PART 2
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What are four properties used to identify minerals? | Hardness, streak, density, and color. |
| why is hardness a better identifier than color? | Hardness is unique to each mineral. |
| What is the definition of weathering? | The process of rocks being slowly broken down into little pieces (sediment.) |
| Which five natural elements are examples of things that can cause weathering? | Water, ice, animals,plants,and wind |
| Where are the oldest rocks typically found in the ground? | Buried deeper underground. |
| To which of Earth’s "spheres" do rocks and minerals belong? | The geosphere. |
| If Mineral A can scratch Mineral B, what can you infer about their hardness? | Mineral A is harder than Mineral B. |
| If you find a rock that has been broken into tiny pieces by the wind, has it become a different type of rock? Why or why not? | No, it is still the same type of rock because weathering only breaks it into smaller pieces (sediment) without changing its fundamental type |
| Why might two minerals that look exactly the same color be identified as different minerals after a "streak test"? | While they share the same surface color, their "streak" (powder color) might be different, and streak is a more reliable unique property for identification than surface color. |
| If a scientist finds a rock near the surface and another rock deep underground, which one is likely newer? | The rock near the surface is likely newer, as older rocks are buried deeper over time. |
| Why do you think mountains don't change their shape visibly from one day to the next? | Because the process of forming shapes or being weathered takes thousands or millions of years, making the changes too slow to see in a single day. |
| What makes up a rock? | Minerals. |
| Why do some mountains have smooth, rounded tops while others have sharp, pointy peaks? | Smooth mountains have likely been weathered by wind and water for a longer period of time than sharp, pointy ones. |
| Would a rock in a dry desert weather faster or slower than a rock in a cold, icy mountain range? Why? | Slower in the desert. Ice and water (found in the mountains) are powerful causes of weathering that break rocks down more quickly. |
| What is the definition of erosion? | The movement of rocks or sediment to a new location. |
| Which process must happen first for a rock to be moved: weathering or erosion? | Weathering (it breaks the rock into pieces so they can be moved). |
| If a river carries a small pebble two miles downstream, is that weathering or erosion? | Erosion, because the pebble is being moved to a new location.If |
| If water freezes inside a crack in a rock and splits it in half, is that weathering or erosion? | Weathering, because the rock is being broken down but has not moved yet. |
| What is the Geosphere? | All the rocks, minerals, and landforms on Earth. |
| What is the hydrosphere? | All the water on Earth, including oceans, rivers, and ice. |
| All the water on Earth, including oceans, rivers, and ice. | Water (hydrosphere) flows over rocks (geosphere) and slowly breaks them into smaller pieces |
| What is the Sun's role in the rock cycle? | It provides energy that drives the wind and water movements responsible for weathering rocks. |
| Which process turns magma into igneous rock? | Crystallization (cooling and hardening). |
| Which two layers of the Earth are partially responsible for forming igneous and metamorphic rocks? | Crust and Mantle. |
| Name two short-term processes that can change Earth's surface features. | Volcanic eruptions and earthquakes. |
| What are the two specific steps that follow weathering and erosion to form sedimentary rock? | Compaction and cementation |
| True or False: Metamorphic rocks can only form from sedimentary rocks. | False. Any rock type—igneous, sedimentary, or metamorphic—can turn into any other type depending on the forces applied. |
| If you find a rock with large crystals, did it likely form above or below Earth's surface? | Below the surface. Magma cools slowly underground, which allows larger crystals to grow. |
| A rock is buried deep underground where it is squeezed and heated but does NOT melt. What type of rock will it become? | Metamorphic rock. If it melted completely, it would become magma and eventually an igneous rock. |
| In which type of rock are fossils most commonly found? | sedimentary rocks. |
| What two forces are required to form metamorphic rocks? | Intense heat and pressure. |
| Which two rock types can be formed below the Earth's surface? | Metamorphic and igneous. |
| Where are sedimentary rocks often found? | Near water. |
| What is the difference between physical and chemical weathering? | Physical/mechanical.: breaking rocks into smaller pieces Chemical:Rocks changing into another substance |
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