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Mod 2.1 and 2.2
Mod 2:perception and cognition
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Selective attention | focusing conscious awareness on a particular stimulus |
| The Cocktail party effect | how we can perceive our own names against other sounds |
| Inattentional blindness | failing to see visual objects when our attention is distracted elsewhere |
| change blindness | failing to notice changes we don't expect |
| perceptual set | mental predisposition to perceive one thing but not another |
| Gestalt | "organized whole" emphasizes our tendency to integrate pieces of info into meaningful wholes |
| Figure ground | organization of visual fields into objects(figure) that stands out from surroundings(ground) |
| Grouping | tendency to organize stimuli into coherent groups |
| Depth perception | ability to see objects in 3 dimensions although images striking retina are 2 dimensional |
| Visual Cliff | a lab device for testing depth perception in infants and young animals |
| Binocular clues | a depth cue such as retinal disparity that depends on use of both eyes |
| Convergence | cue to nearby objects distance enabled by inward angle of eyes |
| Retinal disparity | cue for depth by comparing retinal images from two eyes brain computes distance (greater disparity=closer) |
| Monocular cue | a depth cue such as interposition or linear perspective available to either eye alone |
| stroboscopic movement | an illusion of continuous movement experienced when viewing a rapid series of slightly varying still images |
| Phi Phenomenon | an illusion of movement created when 2 or more adjacent lights blinking on and off in succession |
| autokinetic effect | illusory effect movement of a still spot of light in a dark room (barbie driving scene) |
| Perceptual constancy | perceiving objects as unchanging even as illumination and retinal images change |
| color constancy | perceiving familiar objects as consistent color even if changing illumination alters wavelengths reflected |
| perceptual adaptation | ability to adjust changed sensory input including an artificially displaced or inverted visual field |
| Metacognition | thinking about thinking |
| concept | mental grouping of similar objects events ideas or people |
| prototype | a mental image or best example of a category matching new items to a prototype is a quick easy method for sorting |
| schema | concept or framework that organizes and interprets info |
| assimilation | interpreting new experiences in terms of our existing schemas |
| accomodation | adapting current schemas to incorporate new info |
| convergent thinking | narrowing available problem solutions to find the best one |
| divergent thinking | expanding number of possible problem solutions |
| executive functioning | cognitive skills that work together enabling us to generate, organize, plan, and implement goal directed behavior |
| Algorithm | a methodical, logical rule or procedure that guarantees solving a particular problem; contrasts with usually speedier but more error prone use of heuristics |
| Heuristics | simple shortcut thinking strategy that often allows us to make judgments and solve problems efficiently; faster but more error prone than algorithms |
| Insight | a sudden realization of a problems solution;contrast with strategy based solutions |
| confirmation bias | a tendency to search for info that supports our preconceptions and to ignore or distort contradictory evidence |
| fixation | In cognition the inability to see a problem from a new perspective;an obstacle in problem solving |
| mental set | tendency to approach a problem in one particular way often a way that has been successful in the past |
| Intuition | an effortless immediate automatic feeling/thought as contrasted to explicit reasoning |
| representativeness heuristic | judging the likelihood of events in terms of how well they match a stereotype |
| availability heuristic | judging likelihood of an event based on their availability in memory |
| Overconfidence | tendency to be more confident than correct |
| belief perserverance | the persistence of ones original conceptions even after the bias has been discredited |
| framing | the way an issue is posed can significantly affect decisions and judgments |
Created by:
vincdrea