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APUSH AP Study Guide
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Maize | a staple crop cultivated by indigenous societies in Mesoamerica, which spread northward into the American Southwest, revolutionizing Native American life. |
| Columbian exchange | the massive, post-1492 transatlantic transfer of plants, animals, diseases, people (including slaves), and technology between the New World (Americas) and Old World (Africa, Asia, Europe). |
| encomienda system | a Spanish colonial labor system where the crown granted settlers the right to indigenous labor and tribute in exchange for protection. It was brutal, forced labor that fueled Spanish wealth but caused massive indigenous population decline. |
| indentured servant | laborers who contracted to work in colonial America in exchange for transatlantic passage, room, and board. They were essential to filling early labor shortages and facilitated rapid settlement. |
| Puritans | 16th-17th century English Protestants who sought to "purify" the Church of England of Catholic rituals, emphasizing strict morality, and covenant theology. They significantly shaped New England's religious, social, and political development. |
| Chesapeake | the first permanent English settlements, founded in the 17th century around the Chesapeake Bay with a focus on commercial profit |
| Pueblo revolt | a successful uprising by Pueblo Indians in New Mexico against Spanish colonizers. Led by Popé, it was a response to intense religious persecution and forced labor, highlighting massive Native resistance to Spanish colonization |
| Enlightenment | |
| French and Indian war | |
| Loyalists | |
| American Revolution | |
| George Washington | |
| Farewell address | |
| Thomas Paine | |
| Common sense | |
| Declaration of independence | |
| Articles of confederation | |
| US Constitution | |
| Federalism | |
| Separation of powers | |
| Bill of Rights | |
| French revolution | |
| Haitian revolution | |
| Latin American Revolution | |
| Northwest ordinance | |
| Republican motherhood | |
| Federalists | |
| Democratic Republicans | |
| Democrat | |
| Whigs | |
| Second grade awakening | |
| Perfectionism | |
| Abolition | |
| Women’s rights movement | |
| Market revolution | |
| National Bank | |
| Nullification | |
| Internal improvements | |
| Louisiana purchase | |
| Missouri compromise | |
| Manifest destiny | |
| Mexican-American war | |
| Compromise of 1850 | |
| Kansas, Nebraska act | |
| Dread Scott V Sanford | |
| Republican Party | |
| Free soilers | |
| Abraham Lincoln | |
| Election of 1860 | |
| Emancipation proclamation | |
| 13th amendment | |
| 14th amendment | |
| 15th amendment | |
| Reconstruction | |
| Sharecropping | |
| Radical Republicans | |
| The Gilded Age | |
| Trusts | |
| Monopolies | |
| Holding companies | |
| Social Darwinism | |
| New South | |
| Populist party | |
| Settlement | |
| Laissez-faire | |
| Plessey v Ferguson | |
| Social gospel | |
| Frontier thesis | |
| Spanish American war | |
| Philippine insurrection | |
| Progressive era | |
| Muckrackers | |
| Woodrow Wilson | |
| World War I | |
| AEF | |
| Treaty of Versailles | |
| League of nations | |
| Red scare | |
| Immigration quotas | |
| Great migration | |
| Harlem Renaissance | |
| Great depression | |
| New deal | |
| Franklin D Roosevelt | |
| Pearl Harbor | |
| Japanese tournament | |
| Atomic bomb | |
| The Manhattan Project | |
| Cold War | |
| Containment | |
| Collective security | |
| Korean war | |
| Vietnam war | |
| detente | |
| Oil embargo | |
| Military industrial complex | |
| Segregation | |
| Desegregation of military | |
| Brown V Board of Education | |
| Civil rights act of 1964 | |
| Lyndon Johnson | |
| Great society | |
| Counterculture | |
| Immigration act of 1965 | |
| Sunbelt | |
| Ronald Reagan | |
| Mikhail Gorbachev | |
| September 11, 2001 | |
| World Trade Center | |
| Pentagon | |
| Afghanistan and Iraq wars | |
| Free trade agreements | |
| The Internet |
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