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Psych Final Brito
Science of Psychology Final,; 70% Mental Disorders 30% Stuff from prev midterms
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Demonic model | Mental illness attributed to evil spirits infesting the body |
| Medical Model | Abnormal psychological experiences as illnesses that, like physical illnesses, can be cured and have biological and environmental causes and symptoms |
| Disorders are a set of? | Common set of signs and symptoms |
| Disease is a | Known pathological process affecting the body |
| Diagnosis is a determination of..? | determination as to whether a disorder or disease is present |
| Classification system that describes the symptoms used to diagnose each recognized mental disorder and indicates how the disorder can be distinguished from other, similar problems | Diagnosis & Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) |
| Diagnosis & Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) includes how many classes of disorders? Mental disorders? What else does it include? | 22 Classes of Disorders 200 mental disorders List of criteria for diagnosing each condition |
| Biophysical Approach | interplay of biological, psychological, and social influences |
| Cultural considerations are important in regards to the ______, why? | DSM-5-TR, because cultural considerations are important to understand how the patient recognizes and treats disorders |
| What are the criticisms of the DSM? | Criticisms There are more than 200 diagnosis High levels of comorbidity –co-occurence of two or more diagnoses within the same person |
| Diathesis-Stress Model claims that..? | claims that person may be predisposed to a psychological disorder that is unexpressed until triggered by stress |
| Stress can lead to what? What are some examples? List 4 | Abuse Onset of physical Illness Traumatic event Loss |
| Research Domain Criteria (RDOC) aims to what? What was it made in response to? | Aims to guide the classification and understanding of mental disorders by revealing the basic processes that give rise to them, Made in response to the DSM being categorical and major |
| What models does the RDOC use? What does it look at? | Looks at different units of analysis, constructs, and domains Categorical Model Dimensional Model Mental health as a continuum, made in response to the DSM being categorical and major |
| Anxiety disorders are ...? | highly prevalent Average age of onset for anxiety disorders is 11 years 32% will meet diagnostic criteria for one or more anxiety disorders |
| Phobic Disorders are characterized by? | They are characterized by marked, persistent, and excessive fear and avoidance of specific objects, activities, or situations |
| Social Phobia is the irrational fear of? | Irrational fear of being publicly humiliated or embarrassed |
| Preparedness Theory states? | People are instinctively predisposed toward certain fears |
| Panic Disorders are characterized by? | Sudden occurrence of multiple psychological and physiological symptoms that contribute to a feeling of stark terror |
| General Anxiety Disorders are characterized by? | Chronic, excessive worry accompanied by three or more of the following symptoms: restlessness, fatigue, concentration problems, irritability, muscle tension, nad sleep disturbance |
| Other Disorders Linked to Anxiety are..? | ODc, PTSD |
| Cycle of OCD is the... | Obsessive thought, anxiety, compulsive behavior, temporary relief |
| Posttraumatic Stress Disorder is? | Chronic physiological arousal, recurrent, unwanted thoughts or images of the trauma, and avoidance of things that call the traumatic event to mind |
| Symptoms of Major Depressive Disorder (unipolar depression can be..? How long can it last? What is it accompanied by? Who is mostly likely to have it (ie. age range, gender) | Severely depressed mood and or inability to experience pleasure Lasks 2 weeks or more Accompanied by feelings of worthlessness, Lethargy Sleep/appetite disturbances More likely have in late 20s, women are more likely to be depressed |
| Persistent Depression Disorder has the same ____ and _____ problems as depression but it lasts how long? Is it more severe than MDD (Major Depressive Disorder?) | Same cognitive and bodily problems as in depression, less severe and lasts longer Around 2 years |
| Double Depression is ___________ mood that persists for a minimum of how many years? What is it known to have? | Moderately depressed mood that persists for at least 2 years and punctuated by periods of major depression |
| Seasonal Affective Disorder (SAD) consists of? | Recurrent depressive episodes in a seasonal pattern |
| Bipolar Disorder is characterized by cycles of? Is it heritable? | Cycles of abnormal persistent high mood (mania) and low mood (depression) It is polygenic and pleiotropic |
| Manic episodes in bipolar disorders consist of? | Experience marked by dramatically elevated mood, decreased need for sleep, increased energy, inflated self-esteem, increased talkativeness, and irresponsible behavior |
| Polygenic | Arising from the interaction of multiples genes. Related to bipolar disorder |
| Pleiotropic | One gene influences a person’s susceptibility to multiple disorders . Related to bipolar disorder |
| Suicide is..? | Intentional self-afflicted death |
| Suicide Attempts means you engage in..? | Engage in potentially harmful behavior |
| Nonsuicidal Self-injury (NSSI) is the..? | Direct, deliberate destruction of body tissue in the absence of any intent to die |
| Schizophrenia is characterized by? | Complex psychosis, distorted perception of reality, altered or blunted emotion; disturbances in thought, motivation and behavior |
| Disorganized symptoms | Disruption or deficits in abilities of speech, movement and cognition .Relates to schizophrenia |
| Grossly disorganized Behavior is characterized by....? | Cries and laughs for no reason, animal noises, inappropriate behavior for a situation.Relates to schizophrenia |
| Cognitive Symptoms | Deficits in cognitive abilities specifically for executive functioning, attention and working memory. Relates to schizophrenia |
| Personality disorders are...? | Enduring patterns of thinking, feeling, or relating to others or controlling impulses that deviate from cultural expectations and cause distress or impaired functioning |
| There are how many disorders in the DSM -5 TR? How many clusters (groups of disorders)? What are they? | 10 personality disorders in the DSM-5-TR . 3 clusters: odd/eccentric, dramatic/erratic; and anxious/inhibited |
| The Odd/Eccentric cluster in the DSM-5-TR of personality disorders include what three? | Paranoid Schizoid Schizotypal |
| The Dramatic/ Erratic cluster in the DSM-5-TR of personality disorders include what four? | Antisocial Borderline Histrionic Narcissistic |
| The Anxiety/Inhibited cluster in the DSM-5-TR of personality disorders include what three? | Avoidant Dependant Obsessive-compulsive |
| Antisocial Personality Disorder (ASPD) is the ? | Pervasive pattern for disregard for and violation of the rights of others that begins in childhood or early adolescence and continues into adulthood |
| Conduct Disorder includes what two ------paths? Who is an example of having a conduct disorder? | Ted Bundy is an example. Sociopath Psychopath |
| Conduct Disorder is characterized by? | Persistent pattern of deviant behavior Aggression to people or animals Destruction of Property Deceitfulness or violation or privacy |
| What are some potential causes of Conduct Disorder? | Deficity in fear Under-aroused |
| Autism Spectrum Disorder begins when? What deficits does it include? Behaviors? | Begins in early childhood Persistent communication deficits Restricted and repetitive patterns of behavior, interests, or activities |
| ADHD Attention Deficit / Hyperactivity Disorder is characterized by? | Persistent pattern of problems with inattention and/ or hyperactivity or impulsiveness that can limit functioning |
| What are the 3 causes for many people fail to seek treatment? what percentage of people in the US actually receive treatment? | Personal, social, and economic costs to mental disorders are large. But in the U.S only 18% of individuals receive treatment |
| What are the other three causes? Personal, social, and economic/political? | People may not realize that they have a mental disorder that can be effectively treated Barries to treatment, such as beliefs and circumstances, keep people from getting help Structural barriers prevent people from physically getting treatment |
| Psychoanalytic & Psychodynamic Therapies do what? | Explore childhood events and encourage individuals to use the understanding gained from the exploration to develop insight into their psychological problems |
| Psychoanalysis theory states that? They analyze that? | People are born with inherent sexual urges that are suppressed during child development. They analyze distressing thoughts/ feelings, fantasies, recurring themes/patterns, past events. |
| Psychoanalysis theory believes that when clients...? | When clients achieve insights into unconscious, the causes will become evident and symptoms will disappear |
| Psychodynamic Therapy includes IPT, what is IPT? | Interpersonal Therapy (IPT) Form of psychotherapy that focuses on helping clients improve current relationships |
| What does Psychodynamic Therapy include | Focus on interpersonal functioning, with assumption that as interpersonal relations improve, symptoms will subside |
| Humanistic Therapies include _______- _____ therapy. | Person-Centered Therapy |
| Person-Centered Therapy | Assumes all individuals have a tendency to grow if facilitated by acceptance and genuine reactions from a therapist |
| Gestalt Therapy helps clients become more aware of....? | Helping clients become aware of their thoughts, behaviors, experiences, feelings and to own up to, or take responsibility for these thoughts. |
| Cognitive behavioral Therapies are therapies that....? | Treatment that attempts to replace irrational cognitions and maladaptive behaviors with more rational cognitions and adaptive behaviors Eliminating unwanted behaviors & Promoting desired behaviors |
| Behavior Therapy assumed that disordered behavior is? How is symptom relief achieved? | Assumes that disordered behavior is learned and that symptom relief is achieved through changing overt maladaptive behaviors into more constructive behavior |
| Token Economy gives patients..? | Gives patients “tokens” for desired behaviors that they can trade in for rewards |
| Behavior Therapy is useful for? | Useful for OCD, PTSD, Social Phobias & Anxiety |
| Exposure Therapy is an approach that involved confronting what? | Approach that involves confronting an emotion-arousing stimulus directly, over and over again, leading to a decrease in emotional response |
| Systematic Desensitization, clients are taught to what as they are exposed to..? | Clients are taught to relax as they are gradually exposed to what they fear |
| Cognitive Therapy focuses on helping clients identify and correct...? | Focuses on helping clients identify and correct distorted thinking about self, others, or the world |
| Cognitive Restructuring teaches clients to question what? | Teaches clients to question the automatic beliefs, assumptions, and predictions that often lead to negative emotions and to replace negative thinking with more realizing and positive beliefs |
| Cognitive- Behavior Therapy is focused on? | Problems, action oriented, transparency |
| Cognitive- Behavior Therapy has substantial positive effects on | Unipolar depression GAD Panic disorder Social Phobia PTSD Childhood depression/anxiety |
| Cognitive- Behavior Therapy has moderate positive effects on? | Marital distress Anger Somatic Disorders Chronic Pain |
| Anti-Psychotic Medication includes what? | Psychopharmacology Study of drug effects on psychological states and symptoms Blocks dopamine receptors Works well for positive symptoms but not great for negative ones |
| Psychopharmacology is the study of? What does it block? Works well for...? Not so well for..? | Study of drug effects on psychological states and symptoms Blocks dopamine receptors Works well for positive symptoms but not great for negative ones |
| Anti-Anxiety Medications have the potential to be ____ and cause ______? | Potential for abuse and withdrawal symptoms , help reduce experience |
| Drug Tolerance is the need for what? What are the side effects? List 5. | Need for higher dosages over long-term use to achieve same effects Side effects may include: Sedation Respiratory Depression Dizziness Ataxia Amnesia |
| Electrical Stimulation includes..? | Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT) |
| Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT) is a treatment that..? | Treatment that involves inducing a brief seizure by delivering an electrical shock to the brain |
| Transcranial Stimulation is where ____ are delivered to the brain. | Magnetic pulses are delivered to the brain |
| Psycholosurgery is what? | Brain surgery to treat psychological disorders |
| Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS) is psychosurgery with what? What does it treat? List 3. | Psychosurgery with electric currents Treats: Major Depression, Bipolar Disorders, Schizophrenia– often a last resort |
Created by:
Yzou