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Fish Bio Final Exam
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Sea Lamprey | 2 Dorsal fins (separated), Bicuspid teeth, oral disc wider than head |
| Silver Lamprey | 1 Dorsal fin (slightly notched; continuous), Unicuspid teeth, oral disc wide as or wider than head |
| Chestnut Lamprey | 1 Dorsal fin (slightly notched; continuous), Bicuspid teeth, oral disc wide as or wider than head |
| American Brook Lamprey | 2 Dorsal fins (separated), Bicuspid teeth (teeth small and blunt), oral disc narrower than head |
| Northern Brook Lamprey | 1 Dorsal fin (slightly notched; continuous), Unicuspid teeth (disc teeth small and blunt), oral disc narrower than head |
| Lake Sturgeon | Heterocercal tail, inferior mouth, five rows of scutes |
| Shovelnose Sturgeon | Heterocercal tail (whip-like in juveniles), inferior mouth, scutes sharp throughout life |
| American Paddlefish | Has large sensory organ called rostrum |
| Longnose Gar | Long and narrow snout (>2x length of head), ganoid scales |
| Shortnose Gar | Broader snout than similar species, few spots |
| Spotted Gar | Heavily spotted fish with ganoid scales |
| Bowfin | Long and cylindrical body, gular plate, dark spot at base of upper caudal fin in males |
| American eel | Slender and snake-like body, lower jaw projects farther than upper |
| Mooneye | Keel from pelvic fins to anal origin, large eye, many small teeth, mouth terminal and oblique, 11-12 dorsal rays, 26-29 anal rays |
| Lamprey Family | Petromyzontidae |
| Sturgeon Family | Acipenseridae |
| Paddlefish Family | Polydontidae |
| Gar Family | Lepisosteidae |
| Bowfin Family | Amiidae |
| Freshwater Eel Family | Anguillidae |
| Mooneye Family | Hiodontidae |
| Bigmouth Buffalo | Largest native cypriniform, long consistent subopercle, terminal mouth, long continuous dorsal fin |
| Smallmouth Buffalo | Subopercle broadest in middle, subterminal inferior mouth |
| Quillback | Single dorsal with elongated base and first few rays elongated, no spines |
| Shorthead Redhorse | Caudal fin red in life, sickle-like dorsal (falcate), lips plicate- some papillae, lower margin near straight |
| Greater Redhorse | Caudal fin red in life, dorsal fin straight to convex, lips plicate- broad U-shaped margin |
| River Redhorse | Caudal fin bright red in life with sharp tip on upper portion, sickle-like dorsal (falcate), blunt nose, large mouth with posterior border of lower lip U-shaped |
| Golden Redhorse | Caudal fin gray in life, dorsal fin concave, plicate lips with v-shaped margin, acute mouth angle margin |
| Silver Redhorse | Caudal fin gray in life, dorsal fin convex, lips plicate- lower lip has acute angle margin (pouty), head to dorsal fin origin approximately length of dorsal fin |
| Longnose Sucker | Snout protrudes past inferior mouth, lips papillose, very notched lower lip, prominent lateral stripe |
| Northern Hogsucker | Concavity between eyes, papillose lips, dark mottling and large blotches |
| White Sucker | Papillose lips (bunny-like), notched, mouth near end of snout |
| Sucker, Quillback, and Buffalo Family | Catostomidae |
| Bighead Carp | Scaleless keel extends from anal to pelvic fin, long and comb-like gill rakers, blotches scattered over the body, dark gray dorsally but silver on sides |
| Silver Carp | Scaleless keel extends from anal fin to base of scales, gill rakers spongy, olive green dorsally but usually silver on sides |
| Grass Carp | Broad blunt head with slight downturned mouth, no barbels, eyes sit even with mouth, scales give cross-hatched effect, dark olive with brownish-yellow sides, white belly |
| Common Carp | Dorsal and anal fin with serrated spine at front edge, barbels at corner of mouth |
| Mirror Carp | Variant of common carp with genetic mutation resulting in mirror-like scales. |
| Common Shiner | No distinct markings, no chin pigment, scales taller than wide (crowded over back), tall bodies with large mouth |
| Emerald Shiner | Origin of dorsal fin well behind origin of pelvic fin, pointed dorsal tip, small terminal mouth, large eye, slender and sleek body shape |
| Rosyface Shiner | Origin of pelvic fin interior to origin of dorsal fin, rounded dorsal tip, relatively large and long pointed snout (compared to similar species) |
| Golden Shiner | Strongly decurved lateral line, keel behind pelvic fins, tall bodied |
| Central Stoneroller | Cartilaginous ridge on lower jaw, mouth wide and subterminal, dorsal and anal fins with dark stripe, breeding males with tubercules and black and orange bands on dorsal and anal fins |
| Spotfin Shiner | Dorsal fin with dark pigment, generally have yellowish fins, tall bodied |
| Spottail Shiner | Large black caudal spot about the size of pupil, subterminal mouth |
| The Minnow Family (Carp, Shiners, Stonerollers, Minnows, Chubs, Dace) | Cyprinidae |
| Bluntnose Minnow | Blunt snout, Subterminal mouth, complete lateral line, dark caudal spot, pigmented spots on dorsal fin |
| Fathead Minnow | Relatively large head, terminal mouth, incomplete lateral line, dark bar at base of caudal, stout half (1st) ray on dorsal, adult breeding males with black head and tubercles, Light copper rings that go around body and behind gills |
| Creek Chub | Darkened lateral line, large black spot at front of dorsal fin, terminal mouth reaching past front of eye, barbel near corner of mouth (small) |
| Lake Chub | Dark lateral line continues through eye, relatively large eye, "well-developed" barbels at corner of mouth, males and females develop tubercles, more slender than similar look-alike species |
| Hornyhead Chub | Dark lateral stripe/caudal spot, spawning males with tubercles on head and red spot behind eye, small barbel at corner of mouth |
| Longnose Dace | Significantly long snout, very small scales, dorsal side dark olive-brown, lateral sides are light brown, belly is cream in color, no distinct lateral line, 2 faint orange spots @ dorsal fin base |
| Northern Redbelly Dace | 2 horizontal black bands along sides, dark brown/olive on top, belly varies: red to yellow to gray, very fine scales |
| Redside Dace | Large, terminal, upturned mouth, colorful red and yellow stripes, long sharp snout, known to leap from water to eat insects |
| Pearl Dace | Single dark lateral stripe, small terminal mouth, tiny barbels at corner of mouth, process of elimination ID |
| Eastern Blacknose Dace | Lateral line, spawning males have red solid stripe, terminal mouth, less pronounced snout than many relative fish |
| Channel Catfish | Upper jaw extends past lower, forked caudal, serrated pectoral and dorsal spines |
| Flathead catfish | Lower jaw extends past upper, tail slightly forked to square |
| Black Bullhead | Dark chin barbels, solid body coloration, yellow to white belly, pectoral and dorsal spines lack distinct serration |
| Brown Bullhead | Dark chin barbels, generally mottled coloration, white belly, serrated pectoral and dorsal spines, |
| Yellow Bullhead | White chin barbels, spines not serrated |
| Stonecat | Fins with light margin, adipose fin notched at connection to caudal, mouth subterminal, spines not serrated |
| Tadpole Madtom | Adipose fin connected to caudal, mouth terminal to subterminal, spines not serrated, body depth >22% of standard length |
| Slender Madtom | Dorsal/anal/caudal fins with dark outer margin, adipose fin connected to caudal, mouth terminal to subterminal, pectoral fins serrated |
| Mottled Sculpin | 4 pelvic fin elements, two dorsal fins slightly connected, incomplete lateral line extends beneath second dorsal, post-orbital distance > length of caudal peduncle |
| Slimy Sculpin | 3 pelvic fin elements, dorsal fins connected or nearly so, incomplete lateral line ending under second dorsal fin, post-orbital distance<caudal peduncle |
| Deepwater Sculpin | 3 pelvic rays, dorsal fins distinctly separate, complete (or nearly) lateral line, dorso-ventrally flattened |
| Catfish, bullhead, and Madtom Family | Ictaluridae |
| Sculpin Family | Cottidae |
| Rainbow Smelt | Mouth terminal, oblique, and large. Adipose fin. Origin of dorsal above or in front of origin of pelvic fins. 2 vomerine teeth. Gritty scale texture. Max TL ~300 mm |
| Trout Perch | Pectoral fins overlap pelvic, spots along lateral line, awkwardly long head, adipose, subterminal mouth, Max TL ~175 mm |
| Pirate Perch | Black bar below eye, anus ahead of pectoral fins in adults, no adipose, mouth terminal and oblique, caudal fin is rounded |
| Burbot | Single barbel on chin, snotty and slimy texture, rounded tail, pelvic fins ahead of pectoral, two separated dorsal fins |
| Lake Whitefish | Nostrils with 2 flaps, laterally compressed and "tall bodied", small subterminal mouth |
| Round Whitefish | Nostrils with 1 flap, "tube-shaped" body, mouth subterminal |
| Cisco | Long gill rakers, laterally compressed, mouth terminal and oblique |
| Bloater | Medium length gill rakers, "bloated" belly, mouth terminal and oblique, small soft scales- myomeres visible over ribs |
| Arctic Grayling | Sail-like dorsal fin, spots, adipose fin |
| Rainbow Smelt Family | Osmeridae |
| Pirate Perch Family | Aphredoderidae |
| Trout Perch Family | Percopsidae |
| Burbot Family | Gadidae |
| Whitefish, Cisco, Bloater, Grayling, Trout, and Salmon Family | Salmonidae |
| Pink Salmon | Spawning males develop large humps, caudal forked and with conspicuous rows of large oval spots, dorsal usually lacks spots |
| Coho Salmon | Mouth black and gums white. Silver sides, dark dorsally with black spots. Spotting on caudal fin limited to dorsal half |
| Chinook Salmon | Mouth and gums black. Silver sides, dark dorsally with black spots. Tail fully spotted. |
| Atlantic Salmon | Single row of vomerine teeth. Spots on caudal fin absent. Anal fin not elongated, returns to caudal peduncle at 90 degree angle. Dorsal spots reduced, some have "X" shape. |
| Brown Trout | Two rows of vomerine teeth that zig zag. Caudal spots few or absent. Anal fin not elongated. Great lakes fish have Silver Background with spots extending below lateral line. Inland fish have brownish background + black and red spots with blue halos. |
| Rainbow Trout | Mouth and gums white. Caudal fin with rows of spots. 8-12 anal fin rays not elongated. Inland fish have reddish lateral stripe. Great lakes fish have silver sides, are dark dorsally, and have black spotting. They obtain red/green colors during spawning. |
| Brook Trout | Yellow and red spots with bluish halos, back and dorsal fin vermiculated, ventral fins red-orange with white leading edge. Green to gray flanks, belly cream, gold, pink. |
| Lake Trout | Green to grey sides with cream spots, dorsal vermiculation, deeply forked caudal fin, ventral fins cream to orange with white leading edge. |
| Alewife | Dorsal fin origin ahead of pelvic fin origin. Black shoulder spot, keel on belly, mouth superior with lower jaw that extends past upper |
| Gizzard Shad | Dorsal fin origin behind pelvic fin origin. Keel on belly, mouth subterminal, snout blunt, very long anal fin, last dorsal ray is long filament. |
| Brook Silverside | Beak-like snout, Two dorsal fins, mouth terminal, pectoral fins originate close to cleithrum |
| Brook Stickleback | Five dorsal spines (4-6), narrow caudal peduncle and paddle-like caudal. Gray, olive, or brown with mottling. 30-36 bony plates along lateral line. |
| Ninespine Stickleback | Nine dorsal spines (8-11), elongated and narrow caudal peduncle, light body with irregular marks on back, variable bony plates along lateral line. |
| Central Mudminnow | Dark brown mottling or thick barring on side of body. Black bar on the base of rounded caudal fin. Dorsal fin origin nearer to pelvic fin origin than anal fin origin. |
| Banded Killifish | Mouth superior, body with vertical bars, caudal fin rounded to square |
| Grass Pickerel | Cheek and opercle fully scaled, four mandibular pores, black suborbital bar, dark body with irregular light-colored bars and heavy mottling |
| Northern Pike | Cheek fully and 1/2 of opercle is fully scaled, five mandibular pores, black suborbital bar in young, rounded fins, can have multiple colorations |
| Muskellunge | Upper half of cheek and opercle scaled, six to nine mandibular pores, pointed fins, body has light background with dark spots/bars |
| Alewife and Gizzard Shad Family | Clupeidae |
| Brook Silverside Family | Atherinopsidae |
| Stickleback Family | Gasterosteidae |
| Mudminnow Family | Umbridae |
| Killifish Family | Fundulidae |
| Musky, Pike, and Pickerel Family | Esocidae |
| Rock Bass | Bark olive/brown, light flanks with rows of dark spots (juveniles similar but more mottled), large mouth |
| Bluegill | Opercular spot is blue. Pectoral fins are long and pointed, they extend beyond the eye when flipped forward. Mouth does not extend under eye |
| Pumpkinseed | Opercular spot with light margin and red spot at posterior, body with orange spots and light blue lines extending from mouth, mouth does not extend under eye, pectoral fins are long and pointed |
| Northern Sunfish | Large opercular spot- upturned with light margin with some red color. Mouth extends under eye. Pectoral fins are short and rounded. |
| Green Sunfish | Opercular spot with light margin. Body has faint, light blue spots. Fins have light margins. Mouth is large and extends under eye. Pectoral fins are rounded |
| Largemouth Bass | Maxillary extends beyond eye. Body with dark lateral stripe (sometimes spotty). Young can have bicolor caudal fin |
| Smallmouth Bass | Maxillary extends below pupil of eye. Body with vertical bars along flanks. Young can have tricolor caudal fin |
| White Crappie | Light background with diffuse vertical bars. Base of dorsal fin shorter than distance from back of eye to dorsal fin. Longer body compared to similar species. Common panfish |
| Black Crappie | Black mottling on white background color. Eye to dorsal fin length is about equal to dorsal fin base length. Pelvic and pectoral fins are lightly colored. Rounder body compared to similar species. Common panfish |
| White Perch | Connected dorsal fins (erect together), lateral striping faint- often only noticeable above lateral line, second anal spine nearly as long as third |
| White Bass | Dorsal fins separate (erect separately), lateral striping distinct (stripes usually incomplete), anal spines graduated (2nd spine is shorter than third). |
| Sunfish and Bass Family | Centrachidae |
| White Bass and White Perch Family | Moronidae |
| Freshwater Drum | Deep-bodied, laterally compressed, round or square caudal fin, pelvic fins thoracic with elongated first ray |
| Rainbow Darter | Dorsal fin with two bluish bars, mouth terminal |
| Iowa Darter | Dorsal fin with blue/red/blue pattern, mouth terminal to slightly subterminal |
| Banded Darter | Sides with dark green/brown vertical bars, mouth subterminal, dorsal fin with single greenish band |
| Johnny Darter | Body with W, X, or Y shaped spots, mouth terminal to slightly subterminal |
| Blackside Darter | Sides tan, olive, yellow with 6-11oval/square blotches |
| Logperch | Snout with protuberance, flanks with narrow vertical bands, terminal to subterminal mouth |
| Yellow Perch | Flanks with 6-8 thick vertical bars, posterior spot on dorsal fin membrane, serrate posterior edge of preopercle |
| Walleye | Sides dark brown to golden/yellow with some mottling, posterior dark blotch on 2nd dorsal near rear base of fin, caudal fin with irregular spots and white tips on lower lobe, white tips also present on anal fin and pelvic fins |
| Sauger | Sides heavily blotched/mottled, no posterior membrane spot on dorsal, no white spots on fin tips |
| Eurasian Ruffe | Sides tan, olive, or silvery gray. Dorsal fin has two attached lobes. Mouth terminal to slightly subterminal |
| Round Goby | Pelvic fins fused, dark blotch at posterior of 2nd dorsal, sides mottled with irregular blotches |
| Tubenose Goby | Pelvic fins fused, no dark blotch at posterior of 2nd dorsal, elongated anterior nostrils extending over upper lip, sides mottled with irregular blotches |
| Darter, Ruffe, Perch, Walleye, and Sauger family | Percidae |
| Goby Family | Gobiidae |
| Freshwater Drum Family | Scianidae |
Created by:
Andiia