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Bio Lab Exam 2
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What are some adaptations that plants have for living on land? | -) vascular tissue -) waxy cuticle to prevent water loss -) stomata for gas exchange -) roots for anchoring/water uptake |
| Xylem | moves water and minerals upward (roots --> leaves) |
| Phloem | moves sugars in both directions (depending on need) |
| Why is vascular tissue important? | -) allows plants to grow taller -) moves resources efficiently -) reduces dependence on water-covered environments |
| Why do seedless plants need water for reproduction? | Sperm must swim to egg |
| What is the dominant stage of the fern lifecycle? | Sporophyte (2N) |
| Does the fern lifecycle have a gametophyte stage? | Yes; small and independent, but short-lived |
| What is a gymnosperm? | "naked seed" plant; no fruit |
| What is an angiosperm? | flowering plants; seeds enclosed in fruit |
| What is the function of male cones? | Produce pollen |
| What is the function of female cones? | Produce eggs and develop seeds |
| Annual rings | Each ring = 1 year of growth |
| What do wide rings on tree trunks signify? | Good living conditions |
| What do narrow rings on tree trunks signify? | Stress (cold/drought) |
| What is the meaning of "naked seeds" on gymnosperms? | Seeds are exposed on cone scales, not inside fruit |
| What part of the plant becomes the fruit in angiosperms? | Ovary |
| What part of the plant becomes the seeds in angiosperms? | Ovules |
| Describe a monocot | 1 cotyledon; parallel veins; scattered vascular bundles |
| Describe a dicot | 2 cotyledons; netted veins; ringed vascular bundles |
| Why are angiosperms successful? | -) Flowers attract pollinators -) Fruits aid in seed dispersal -) Faster reproduction |
| What is an annual plant type? | life cycle occurs in 1 year |
| What is a biennial plant type? | life cycle occurs in 2 years (vegetative --> flowering) |
| What is a perennial plant type? | lives many years |
| What is the function of root hairs on plants? | Increase surface area for water/mineral absorption |
| What is the function of the stomata? | Allows for gas exchange (CO2 in, O2 out) |
| Describe some features of a herbaceous plant | soft, non-woody stems |
| Describe some features of a woody plant | lignified, rigid stems (trees/shrubs) |
| What plant organ allows for the most photosynthesis? Why? | Leaves; provide most surface area and veins for transport/support |
| List the features that make an animal an animal | -) Multicellular -) Heterotrophic -) No cell walls -) Motile at some life stage |
| What phylum do sponges belong to? | Porifera |
| What symmetry do sponges have? | Asymmetrical |
| Do sponges have tissues? | No |
| What phylum do jellyfish, hydra, and coral belong to? | Cnidaria |
| What symmetry do Cnidarians have? | Radial |
| What are the stinging cells found in the phylum Cnidaria? | Cnidocytes |
| What phylum houses the classes of Mollusca? | Lophotrochozoans |
| What are the classes of Mollusca (4)? | -) Gastropoda: snails/slugs -) Bivalvia: clams/oysters (2 shells) -) Cephalopoda: octopus/squid (advanced nervous system) -) Polyplacophora: chitons |
| What phylum do segmented worms belong to? | Annelida |
| What phylum do flatworms belong to? | Platyhelminthes |
| What is an annelid? | segmented worm, contains coelom |
| What is a flatworm? | no segmentation, no coelom |
| What phylum houses the classes of Arthropods? | Ecdysozoans |
| What are the classes of Arthropods? (4) | -) Arachnida: spiders/scorpions (8 legs) -) Hexapoda: insects (6 legs) -) Crustacea: crabs/crayfish (gills, aquatic) -) Myriapoda: centi/millipedes (many segments) |
| List some reasons why Arthropods are successful | -) Exoskeleton (protection and water retention) -) Jointed appendages -) Adaptation diversity |
| List some features of a crayfish | -) aquatic -) gills -) appendages |
| List some features of a grasshopper | -) terrestrial -) trachael system -) wings |
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