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Microbio L21

QuestionAnswer
Systemic infections involve infections that have spread to your blood and/or lymph
SI’s start where localized, then spread Examples: chickenpox, measles, anthrax, toxoplasmosis
Sepsis/blood poisoning: a dysregulated immune response to a systemic pathogen/toxin Immune system starts attacking everything, inflammation everywhere Can lead to septic shock
Sepsis can lead to Lymphangitis, severe blood pressure drop, chills, organ failure Lymphangitis is the first symptom you see
How to reduce sepsis Manage blood pressure, oxygen, temp If bacterial, maybe an antibacterial will help
Vectorborne Arboviruses Viruses carried by arthropods In these examples, mosquitoes Can treat all of them with mosquito control Climate change extends their range Most common in tropical areas
Zika Also STI spread Mostly asymptomatic, can cause fever, rash, conjunctivitis In pregnant woman, spread to fetus, MICROCEPHALY No vaccine or treatment, just avoidance
Zika passes through the Placenta. BAD. AFFECTS BABY
Hemorrhagic Fevers Blood is coming out of your body no matter what. Out of your ears, nose, eyes, pores
Ebola (Ebola virus) Causes hemorrhagic fever 60% mortality New vaccine underway, some antibody therapies
Mononucleosis Caused by EBV Spread via body fluids Most are asymptomatic
Mononucleosis Symptoms Other stuff Treatment Fever, headache, severe fatigue, enlarged lymph nodes Latent and can be spread long term Rarely can develop into lymphoma Treat with rest and OTC painkillers
AIDS Caused by HIV STI, also read vertically and via blood to blood contact Infects helper T cells, kills them slowly over time
AIDS symptoms Starts with flu-like symptoms, then asymptomatic, then progress to AIDS
Once AIDS develops, patient is now immunodeficient Susceptible to opportunistic infections and weird cancers No cure
Vaccine hard to develop, virus mutates too fast Antiretroviral therapy (ART) antivirals that can control HIV numbers and prevent full blown AIDS Take for life PrEP and PEP regimes
Plague Caused by Y. pestis Spread via arthropod vector (fleas)
Bubonic lymph infection, swollen nodes (painful) (buboes)
Pneumonic lung infection, pneumonia, easy spread
Septicemic systemic infection, sepsis, tissue necrosis (black death)
How do you treat the plague Easy treatable with antibiotics penicillins
Lyme Disease Spread via tick bites, from infected animal Common in US, especially in NE Longer incubation (weeks to month)
Lyme Disease symptoms and treatment Bullseye rash, fever, fatigue, joint/muscle pain Treat with antibiotics (catch earlier=shorter course) Can lead to chronic arthritis, myocarditis, and CNS
Candidemia Systemic infection of Candida yeast Common microbiome member Spread from punctured skin or from other yeast infections (candidiases) Exposure during surgery Common in immunocompromised patients
Candidemia symptoms and treatment Fever, chills, sepsis Treat with antifungals Even with treatment, 30% mortality
Malaria Caused by plasmodium Delivered by mosquito Common in Africa, rare in US
1. Sporozoites (mosquito and liver) 2. Merozoites (blood) 3. Gametocytes (blood and mosquito) 1. (mosquito and liver) 2. (blood) 3. (blood and mosquito)
Malaria uncomplicated 3 stages and other stuff 1. Cold stage (chills) 2. Hot stage (fever) 3. Sweating stage Also with vomiting, aches, and nausea Follow 6-10 hour cycle, repeat every 2-3 days • Synced with parasite replication ALL HAS TO DO WITH THE PARASITES LIFE CYCLE
Malaria Complicated as above, but with low blood pressure/sugar/ph/iron Kidney failure and acute respiratory distress syndrome, potentially fatal Manage with vector control Antimalarial drugs
Created by: liladdoyle
 

 



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