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test 3 4
patho test
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Hepatitis | Inflammation of the liver, usually caused by a virus, alcohol, or toxins. |
| Cholelithiasis | Gallstones in the gallbladder. |
| Urinary Tract Infections | Infection anywhere in the urinary system, usually the bladder. |
| Adrenal Gland imbalance | Too much or too little adrenal hormones like cortisol or aldosterone. |
| Pancreatitis | Inflammation of the pancreas. |
| Gastritis | Inflammation of the stomach lining. |
| GERD | Acid reflux where stomach acid moves back into the esophagus. |
| Metabolic Disturbances | Problems with the body’s balance of fluids, electrolytes, glucose, or hormones. |
| Diverticular Disease | Small pouches form in the colon wall and may become inflamed. |
| Fecal and urinary incontinence | Loss of bowel control. |
| Inflammatory Bowel | Chronic inflammation of the GI tract (Crohn’s or ulcerative colitis). |
| Hepatitis Metabolic | Liver inflammation causing metabolic imbalance. |
| incontinence | Loss of bladder or bowel control. |
| Cholelithiasis Polycystic Kidney | Gallstones. |
| Chronic Renal Failure Nephrolithiasis - | Long-term loss of kidney function. |
| Urolithiasis | is the formation of stones anywhere in the urinary tract. These stones can form in: the kidneys ureters bladder or urethra |
| PCOS Endometriosis PID BPH | Hormonal disorder causing ovarian cysts, irregular periods, and fertility problems. |
| Erectile | Difficulty getting or maintaining an erection. |
| Testicular CA | Cancer of the testicles. |
| menstrual abnormalities | Irregular menstrual cycles or bleeding. |
| Adrenal Gland | Abnormal adrenal hormone levels. |
| Diabetes | & lI | Type I: autoimmune destruction of insulin-producing cells Type II: insulin resistance causing high blood sugar |
| Thyroid Gland imblance | Overactive or underactive thyroid hormone production. |
| Parathyroid Gland imbalance | Problems regulating calcium levels. |
| Growth hormone imbalance | Too much or too little growth hormone. |
| Hormone Regulation | too much or too little growth hormone. |
| DKA | (Diabetic Ketoacidosis) – Dangerous buildup of acids from lack of insulin. |
| Antidiuretic hormone | Hormone that controls water balance in the body. |
| Different types of dysfunctions | Abnormal function of organs or body systems. |
| Menopause | Permanent stopping of menstrual periods. |
| Hypertension | High blood pressure |
| Meningitis | Infection/inflammation of the meninges around the brain and spinal cord. |
| Abnormal posturing | Abnormal body positioning caused by severe brain injury. |
| Multiple Sclerosis | Autoimmune disease damaging nerve coverings. |
| Stroke (CVA) & TIA | CVA: brain damage from interrupted blood flow TIA: temporary mini-stroke |
| Alzheimer Disease | Progressive disease causing memory loss and confusion. |
| Seizures/Epilepsy | Abnormal electrical activity in the brain. |
| Cerebral Palsy | Movement disorder caused by brain injury before or during birth. |
| Myocardial | Related to the heart muscle. |
| Parkinson's Disease | Neurological disease causing tremors and stiffness. |
| Spinal Cord Injury | Damage to the spinal cord affecting movement and sensation. |
| Spinal Shock | Temporary loss of reflexes after spinal injury. |
| Migraine | Severe recurring headache |
| ICP | (Increased Intracranial Pressure) – Increased pressure inside the skull. |
| Hydrocephalus | Excess fluid buildup in the brain. |
| Brain Cancer | Cancerous tumor in the brain. |
| Leukemia | Cancer of blood-forming tissues. |
| Lymphoma | Cancer of the lymphatic system. |
| Pernicious anemia | Vitamin B12 deficiency anemia. |
| Sickle Cell anemia | Genetic disorder causing sickle-shaped red blood cells. |
| Hemostasis | Process that stops bleeding. |
| Anemia | Low red blood cells or hemoglobin. |
| Iron Deficiency Anemia | Anemia caused by low iron levels. |
| Pneumonia | Infection of the lungs. |
| Asthma | Chronic airway inflammation causing wheezing and shortness of breath. |
| Emphysema | Damage to alveoli causing trapped air in lungs. |
| COPD | Chronic lung disease causing breathing difficulty. |
| Influenza | Viral flu infection. |
| Orthopnea | Difficulty breathing while lying flat. |
| Ventilation | Movement of air in and out of the lungs. |
| Cystic Fibrosis | Genetic disease causing thick mucus buildup in lungs and organs. |
| Pulmonary Embolism | Blood clot blocking an artery in the lungs. |
| Pleural Effusion | Fluid buildup around the lungs. |
| Pneumothorax | Collapsed lung caused by air in pleural space. |
| Tuberculosis | Serious bacterial lung infection. |
| Heart Failure | Heart unable to pump blood effectively |
| Septic Shock | Severe infection causing dangerously low blood pressure. |
| Anaphylactic Shock | Severe allergic reaction causing airway swelling and low blood pressure. |
| Cardiogenic Shock | Shock caused by heart pump failure. |
| hrombus | Blood clot in vessel. |
| Dysrhythmia | Abnormal heart rhythm. |
| Hypovolemic Shock | Shock caused by severe blood or fluid loss. |
| Coronary Heart Disease | Plaque buildup in arteries supplying the heart. |
| Angina | Chest pain from reduced oxygen to heart muscle. |
| Incontinence | Loss of bladder or bowel control. |
| Diabetes Mellitus | Disease causing high blood glucose levels. |
| Thyroid disorders | Disorders affecting thyroid hormone production. |
| Fluid Balance and m o v e m e n t | Regulation of water movement within body compartments. |
| electrolytes | Minerals like sodium and potassium controlling muscles, nerves, and fluids. |
| PUD | Peptic Ulcer Disease) – Open sore in stomach or small intestine lining. |
| Menorrhagia | Heavy menstrual bleeding. |
| Menopause | End of menstrual cycles due to hormone decline. |
| Cryptorchidism | Undescended testicle. |
| Erectile Dysfunction | Difficulty achieving or maintaining erection. |
| pH | Normal: 7.35 – 7.45 Normal: 7.35 – 7.45 Low pH (<7.35) = Acidosis (too acidic) High pH (>7.45) = Alkalosis (too basic) |
| PaCO₂ (carbon dioxide = lungs/respiratory) | Normal: 35 – 45 mmHg |
| HCO₃⁻ (bicarbonate = kidneys/metabolic) | Normal: 22 – 26 mEq/L |
| PaO₂ (oxygen) | Normal: 80 – 100 mmHg |
| SaO₂ (oxygen saturation) | Normal: 95% – 100% |
Created by:
ls99510