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Ecology Vocab
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Autotroph | an organism that produces its own organic food using inorganic substances |
| Heterotroph | an organism that cannot produce its own food and must obtain energy and carbon by consuming other organisms, such as plants or animals |
| Organism | any individual living entity—such as a plant, animal, bacterium, protist, or fungus—capable of growth, reproduction, functional activity, and continuous self-maintenance |
| Habitat | the natural environment where a particular species of organism (plant, animal, or microorganism) lives, grows, and reproduces |
| Biotic factor | the living components of an ecosystem that shape their environment, including organisms, their interactions, and waste |
| Abiotic factor | the non-living physical and chemical components of an ecosystem that affect living organisms and the functioning of the environment |
| Species | the basic unit of classification and taxonomic rank |
| Population | a group of individuals of the same species that live in the same geographic area at the same time and are capable of interbreeding. |
| Community | public participation in scientific research, where volunteers—regardless of background—collaborate with scientists to collect data, analyze information, or solve environmental and local problems. |
| Ecosystem | a geographic area where biotic (living) organisms—like plants, animals, and microbes—interact with abiotic factors |
| Ecology | the branch of biology that studies how living organisms (biotic) interact with each other and their non-living (abiotic) environment. |
| Immigration | the movement of individuals into a new country, region, or habitat, typically with the intention of residing or settling there |
| Emigration | the act of leaving a home region or country to settle elsewhere, driven by factors like economics, safety, or environment |
| Population density | a scientific measurement of the concentration of individuals of a species within a specific geographic area, typically calculated as the total number of individuals divided by the total land area |
| Limiting factor | any biotic (living) or abiotic (non-living) resource or environmental condition that restricts the growth, abundance, or distribution of an organism or a population within an ecosystem |
| Carrying capacity | the maximum population size of a species that a specific environment can sustainably support over time, considering available resources like food, water, and habitat |
| Natural Selection | a fundamental mechanism of evolution where organisms better adapted to their environment tend to survive and produce more offspring |
| Adaptation | the process by which a population of living organisms becomes better suited to its environment over generations through natural selection |
| Niche | the functional role and position of a species within an ecosystem, encompassing how it survives, reproduces, and interacts with its environment |
| Competition | an interaction between organisms or species striving for the same limited resources |
| Predation | a biological interaction where one organism, the predator, hunts, kills, and consumes another organism, the prey, for energy and nutrients |
| Mutualism | a type of symbiotic relationship in science where two different species interact, and both organisms benefit from the interaction |
| Commensalism | a type of symbiotic biological interaction between two species where one organism (the commensal) benefits—obtaining food, shelter, or transportation—while the other (the host) is neither helped nor harmed |
| Parasitism | a type of symbiotic relationship in science where one organism (the parasite) lives on or inside another organism (the host), gaining nutrients and benefits at the host's expense |
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