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Topic 18
World War II Review
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Which dictator created a fascist government in Italy? | Benito Mussolini |
| Which leader took control of the Soviet Union after Lenin died? | Joseph Stalin |
| What were the goals of Stalin’s 5-Year-Plans? | Rapidly industrialize the country |
| What was the Holodomor? | A serious famine in Ukraine - thought to be caused by Stalin |
| Stalin imprisoned his enemies in Siberian forced labor camps called: | Gulags |
| What was Adolf Hitler’s political party? | Nazi Party |
| Which leader is known for leading the Nazi effort to create propaganda films and broadcasts? | Joseph Goebbels |
| What ideas heavily influenced Nazism? | Extreme nationalism, anti-Semitism, and Social Darwinism |
| What puppet country did Japan establish in northern China after invading in 1931? | Manchukuo |
| What two sides were battling in the Chinese Civil War when Japan invaded? | Communists and Nationalists |
| What Chinese city was the site of a major Japanese massacre, where hundreds of thousands of Chinese citizens were killed? | Nanjing |
| What is one major reason Japan and the Soviet Union did not fight for most of World War II? | Japanese forces were defeated by Soviets at the Battle of Khalkin Gol, before the war |
| What country was invaded by Italy in 1935? | Ethiopia |
| What country experienced a civil war in the 1930s, which gave Hitler and Mussolini a chance to test out new weaponry before World War II? | Spain |
| Which of the following were new weapons developed between the world wars, and used during World War II? | Aircraft carriers, improved airplanes and tanks |
| What was one reason Britain and France tried to deal with Germany through appeasement at first? | World War I was so horrible that many leaders wanted to avoid another war. |
| What country did Germany annex during the Anschluss? | Austria |
| During the Munich Conference, Britain and France agreed to let Germany take control of the Sudetenland, which had been part of what other country? | Czechoslovakia |
| What did the British prime minister Neville Chamberlain believe the Munich Pact had achieved? | “Peace for our time” |
| What was the Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact? | Nonaggression agreement between Germany and the Soviet Union |
| What puppet government did Germany establish in France, under the leadership of Philippe Petain? | Vichy France |
| Which agreement formally established an alliance between Germany, Italy, and Japan? | Tripartite Pact |
| What happened during the Battle of Britain? | Air battle between British fighter planes and German bombers - British cities were seriously damaged, but Britain won in the end. |
| Who was the prime minister of Britain during most of World War II, famous for his unwillingness to surrender or negotiate with Hitler and the Nazis? | Winston Churchill |
| What happened during the Battle of the Atlantic? | British (and other Allied) merchant ships were attacked by German U-boats in a war of attrition; eventually the Allies sank enough U-boats to force Germany to give up |
| Which Latin American country sent soldiers to fight in Europe, and helped defeat German forces in Italy at the Battle of Collecchio? | Brazil |
| Which military operation involved landing Allied troops in North Africa, as part of a broader plan to invade southern Europe? | Operation Torch |
| In which battle did British forces, led by Bernard Montgomery, defend Egypt from the Germans and begin capturing North Africa from the eastern side? | Second Battle of El Alamein |
| What happened in Operation Barbarossa? | Germany betrayed the Soviet Union and invaded |
| Which Soviet general is known for his leadership at the Battles of Khalkin Gol, Moscow, and Stalingrad? | Georgy Zhukov |
| Which of the following were cities the Germans attempted to capture in Eastern Europe, leading to brutal sieges that eventually led to Soviet victories? | Leningrad and Moscow |
| The German army’s defeat while trying to capture this city - on the way to capturing the oil-rich Caucasus region - is often considered the turning point of the war in Eastern Europe. | Stalingrad |
| Italians overthrew Mussolini and surrendered after the Allies captured which island, as the first phase of their invasion of the Italian mainland? | Sicily |
| How did the Germans respond when Italy overthrew Mussolini and surrendered? | They invaded Italy, rescued Mussolini, and set him up as a puppet ruler |
| Which of the following were battles fought by the allies as they fought up the Italian peninsula, trying to capture Rome? | Anzio and Monte Cassino |
| What happened during the D-Day invasion? | British, French, and American troops landed on the beaches of Normandy, France, with the goal of opening up another front against Germany. |
| What was Germany’s last major offensive of the war, where its soldiers tried to break through American and British battle lines? | Battle of the Bulge |
| How did Adolf Hitler’s rule end? | He committed suicide as the Soviets captured Berlin |
| How did Italian control of Ethiopia end? | Ethiopia guerillas, with help from British, Free French, and Belgian forces, pushed the Italians out after the Battle of Gondar. |
| Who became the Japanese prime minister for most of World War II, before being executed at the end of the war for war crimes? | Hideki Tojo |
| A Japanese attack on which U.S. naval base led the United States to declare war? | Pearl Harbor |
| What areas did Japan capture from the United States? | Philippines and Guam |
| The Japanese invasion of which island led to the largest surrender in British military history - and the capture of most British colonies in Southeast Asia? | Singapore |
| Which Southeast Asian country made an alliance with Japan, after Japan attacked them? | Thailand |
| Which battle in the Pacific allowed American and Australia naval forces to stop a Japanese invasion of Australia? | Battle of the Coral Sea |
| What happened during the Battle of Midway? | American intelligence discovered a Japanese plan to attack Midway. An American fleet met the Japanese invasion force and sank four aircraft carriers - a major victory |
| What strategy did the Allies use as they battled Japan in the Pacific theater? | They used a strategy of “island hopping,” only capturing the most important islands as they worked their way towards Japan. |
| What desperate strategy did the Japanese military use at the Battle of Leyte Gulf? | Kamikaze attacks |
| How were the Allies finally able to defeat Japan in Burma? | Improved Allied coordination and air resupply helped force the Japanese back |
| What was the significance of Japan’s defeat at the Battle of West Hunan? | It prevented Japan from launching further major offensives in China |
| After reaching islands near Japan - like Okinawa - what did the U.S. and other Allies do? | Use airplanes to bomb the Japanese mainland |
| What happened to the Japanese cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki? | The United States used atomic bombs against them |
| Who was put on trial at the Nuremberg Trials? | Nazi leaders responsible for war crimes, including the Holocaust |
| Who were the five permanent members of the United Nations Security Council? | China, Soviet Union, United States, France, Britain |
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