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News Principles Q5
Review for New Priniclples Quiz Five
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| First Amendment | Free exercise of speech, religion, press and the right to assemble |
| Fourth Amendment | No search and seizure without probable cause and a warrant |
| Privacy Protection Act of 1980 | Forbids federal and state law enforcement from searching for or seizing journalists' work product and documentary materials intended for public knowledge/consumption |
| FOIA (Freedom Of Information Act) | Allows any person to request access to records from federal executive branch agencies, promoting government transparency and accountability |
| PA Right To Know Law | Provides public access to government records; can be withheld due to risk of personal or public safety |
| PA Act 22 | Process for requesting audio and video recordings from law enforcement agencies (body cameras, dash cams) |
| Sunshine Law/Meetings Law | State and local government agencies to deliberate and take official actions, such as voting or binding decisions, in open, public meetings |
| Recording Laws (One-party consent) | Can record a private conversation, whether in person or over the phone, as long as that individual is one of the participants in the conversation. Most common in the US. States: AL, AK, AZ, AR, CO, GA, HI, ID |
| Recording Laws (All party consent) | Every person involved in a conversation must give permission before their communication can be legally recorded, whether in-person or on the phone. States: CA, DE, FL, IL, MD, MA, MT, NV, NH, PA, WA, MI |
| Recording Laws (Implied consent) | A person’s action, specifically, continuing a conversation after being notified it is being recorded, are interpreted as agreement to the recording, even without a verbal "yes". Used across almost all the US |
| The Arrest of Journalists | Due to allegations of trespassing, failing to disperse, or obstructing law enforcement. These arrests can stem from clashes with police over access to public areas or from state actions to silence critical reporting |
| Censorship in Journalism | The suppression of news or information by governments, entities, or self-regulation, limiting public knowledge and discourse Examples: bans, legal pressure, biased reporting, or self-censorship driven by fear or corporate interests |
| Opinion in Journalism | Writers express personal views, analyze events, or attempt to persuade audiences, differing from objective reporting by offering subjective commentary |
| Advocacy in Journalism | Supporting a specific cause, viewpoint, or social change, aiming to influence public opinion and action, often focusing on social justice, human rights, or environmental issues, and giving voice to marginalized groups |
| Editorial in Journalism | The official, collective opinion of a news publication's editorial board on a current,, often controversial issue, aiming to persuade readers, influence public opinion, and promote critical thinking |
| Reportage/News in Journalism | Act, technique, or collection of reported news, often involving in-depth, on-the-scene documentation, or a narrative style that goes beyond simple breaking news to tell a deeper story through text, video, or photography |
| Nellie Bly | 19th-century investigative journalist who revolutionized the field with her "stunt" reporting, undercover exposés, and advocacy for the vulnerable. "Ten Days in A Mad House" |
| Noam Chomsky | Media critic whose work, particularly the "propaganda model" in Manufacturing Consent, argues that corporate media acts as a propaganda system for elite interests |
| William Randolph Hearst | American media mogul who revolutionized journalism by developing the nation’s largest newspaper chain and pioneering "yellow journalism" |
| Walter Lippmann | Father of modern journalism for analyzing the relationship between media, reality, and public opinion. He pioneered critical media theory, coined the term "stereotype," and advocated for objective, disinterested, and ethical reporting |
| Ted Turner | Founded CNN in 1980 and created the first 24-hour cable news channel and shifting the industry from scheduled, top-of-the-hour updates to continuous, real-time coverage |
| Don Lemon | Arrested by federal agents while at an ICE protest at a Minnesota church; caused debate about First Amendment right in present day journalism |
| 10 Most Censored Countries | Eritrea, North Korea, Turkmenistan, Saudi Arabia, China, Vietnam, Iran, Equatorial Guinea, Belarus, Cuba |
| Qualities In The 10 Most Censored Countries | Absolute State Control/Monopoly, Restrictions on internet access and etc; Arbitrary detention/imprisonment, Propaganda Mouthpieces, Surveillance and Hacking, and Restricted Foreign Entry |
| Maynard's Fault Lines | Focused on the five Fault Lines of race, class, gender, generation and geography because he believed they were the most enduring forces that have shaped social tensions since the founding of this nation and influence our bias and journalism |
| Four Links Between Democracy and Journalism | 1. Informing the public 2. Accountability: monitoring government actions, exposing corruption 3. Public Deliberation 4. Promoting Civic Engagement/Participation |
| Objectivity in Journalism | Impartial, evidence-based "scientific method" for reporting Criticism: arguing it is an unattainable ideal that often masks subjective viewpoints, promotes false balance, and perpetuates bias. Support: necessary, disciplined, and verifiable truth |
| Interviewing Data | process of treating datasets as a source, involving querying, filtering, and analyzing information to uncover trends, patterns, and anomalies. |
| Fact‑Checking Best Practices | a clear editorial workflow with defined responsibilities. Strong evidence for: scientific claims, accusations, and health/medical claims; Use checklists for: names, titles, places, ages, dates, timelines, basic numbers and stats, pronouns, and spellings |
| Open-source Information | the practice of investigating and reporting stories by analyzing publicly available, legal sources; such as social media, satellite imagery, public records, and user-generated content, rather than relying solely on confidential"shoe-leather" reporting |
| Who is the father of photojournalism? | Mathew Brady; His work shifted photography from solely posed portraits to capturing historical events, capturing thousands of images with his team, including battlefield scenes and portraits of figures like Abraham Lincoln. |
| XY formula | I'm doing a story about X; and what's interesting about it is Y. |
| Focus sentence | Someone does something, because..., but... |
| Difference between a topic and a story | A pitch/story is a promise. A specific story, with a specific story, at a specific moment that is specific to the reader. A topic is broad subject area. |
| What are some of the techniques to tell a story | Tension and Conflict, Uniqueness/Novelty, Prominence, Proximity, and Human Interest. |
| Five questions every pitch should cover | Who, What, When, Why, Where Who is this story about? What is happening to them/ have they done? Why now? Why does it matter? Why you? |
| The metabolism of news | Breaking News (First Day), Second Day, and then Longview. |
| Reporting plan; What is included in the reporting plan? | A structured outline that explains how a journalist will report a story; It includes a story focus, purpose, possible sources, reporting methods, and their format/platform |
| How the NYTimes are using AI? | For revision, transcription, marketing, summarization, analyze data, generate translations, and to recommend articles to consumers |
| Why news publishers have uneasy relationships with AI vendors? | Risk of vendor lock-in, Contracts are binding and subjects to infrastructure changes, Al provided by platform companies may not be transparent, Control of tech could mean control of data |
| AI concerns | Access, Bias, Copyright vs. Intellectual Property, Labor/Value of Labor, Sustainability, Hallucination and Fabrication, Ghost Authorship, Deepfakes and Synthetic Media, Bias Laundering, and Erosion of Editorial Judgement |
| Main principles of SPJ's Code of Ethics | Seek truth and report it, Minimize harm, Act independently, and Be accountable and transparent |
| Ethical dilemmas | Public Interest vs. National Security, Speed vs. Accuracy, Transparency vs. Preventing Harm, Public Interest vs. Privacy, Source Protection vs. Accountability, and Editorial Independence vs. Commercial Pressure |
| Parachute journalism | The practice of sending journalist to report stories in places they don't live |
| Main points of criticism around "parachute journalism" | Lack context, Lack time and understanding of local dynamics, Exaggerated stereotypes, and Overly rely on government and elite sources |
| Framing of stories and images | Using rhetorical devices to convince people of the value of any given situation. |
| How framing can make stories misleading/perpetuate stereotypes? | By choosing what lens you use and choose to say, show, leave out |
| Information ecosystems | A community that has credible, comprehensive local news coverage |
| News deserts | A community with limited access to credible, comprehensive, and local news coverage |
| Digital first thinking; Why it's important? | A strategy prioritizing immediate, high-quality content publication on digital platforms over traditional print or broadcast methods; because current consumers prefer digital media |
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