storage of usable fats

adipose tissue, intramuscular triglycerides, plasma (FFA, triglycerides)

metabolism of adipose tissue

splits into fatty acids and glycerol; fatty acids sent to skeletal muscle, glycerol is sent to liver and skeletal muscle

metabolism in skeletal muscle

split into fatty acids and and glycerol; fatty acids are oxidized in the muscle to create ATP

regulation of lipolysis

SNS, circulating catecholamines, always excessive compared to demand

FFAs and glycerol are combined to reform into triglycerides; suppressed during exercise

fat use patterns during exercise

the longer the duration, the greater dependence on fat

the exercise intensity in which fat oxidation peaks

storage of carbohydrates

muscle and liver glycogen and plasma glucose

important at high intensities; easy to use during exercise

supply glucose into the blood to maintain blood glucose homeostasis; muscle glycogen cannot enter blood due to presence of a phosphate group glucose-6-phosphatase

carbo use patterns during exercise

the higher the intensity, the greater reliance on carbohydrates

measures carb/fat usage; doesn't specify which carb or fat and doesn't give info on protein

can measure each component but no info on muscle or where specific things are coming from

tell the specifics that the top two cannot but limited by location and missing important organs

storage form of glucose in muscles and liver

readily available for cell usage; comes from digestive tract and liver glycogen

maintaining blood glucose through hormones

decrease blood glucose by increasing glucose absorption into the muscle, liver, and other tissues

increases blood glucose by increasing breakdown of liver glycogen

destroyed beta cells leading to inability to produce normal levels of insulin; insulin dependent

normal beta cells production of insulin, but peripheral cells are insulin resistant; non-insulin dependent

insulin resistance during pregnancy; unknown cause

measurement of blood glucose in response to a specific carb

metabolic flexibility

ability of the body to switch between depending on fat or carb for energy based on the stimulus

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Nutrition E 3

Term	Definition
storage of usable fats	adipose tissue, intramuscular triglycerides, plasma (FFA, triglycerides)
metabolism of adipose tissue	splits into fatty acids and glycerol; fatty acids sent to skeletal muscle, glycerol is sent to liver and skeletal muscle
metabolism in skeletal muscle	split into fatty acids and and glycerol; fatty acids are oxidized in the muscle to create ATP
regulation of lipolysis	SNS, circulating catecholamines, always excessive compared to demand
re-eseterfication	FFAs and glycerol are combined to reform into triglycerides; suppressed during exercise
fat use patterns during exercise	the longer the duration, the greater dependence on fat
FatMax	the exercise intensity in which fat oxidation peaks
storage of carbohydrates	muscle and liver glycogen and plasma glucose
muscle glycogen	important at high intensities; easy to use during exercise
liver glycogen	supply glucose into the blood to maintain blood glucose homeostasis; muscle glycogen cannot enter blood due to presence of a phosphate group glucose-6-phosphatase
carbo use patterns during exercise	the higher the intensity, the greater reliance on carbohydrates
indirect calorimetry	measures carb/fat usage; doesn't specify which carb or fat and doesn't give info on protein
blood analysis	can measure each component but no info on muscle or where specific things are coming from
biopsy	tell the specifics that the top two cannot but limited by location and missing important organs
glycogen	storage form of glucose in muscles and liver
plasma glucose	readily available for cell usage; comes from digestive tract and liver glycogen
glucoregulation	maintaining blood glucose through hormones
insulin	decrease blood glucose by increasing glucose absorption into the muscle, liver, and other tissues
glucagon	increases blood glucose by increasing breakdown of liver glycogen
type 1 diabetes	destroyed beta cells leading to inability to produce normal levels of insulin; insulin dependent
type 2 diabetes	normal beta cells production of insulin, but peripheral cells are insulin resistant; non-insulin dependent
gestational diabetes	insulin resistance during pregnancy; unknown cause
glycemic index	measurement of blood glucose in response to a specific carb
metabolic flexibility	ability of the body to switch between depending on fat or carb for energy based on the stimulus

Created by: zoedinius

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