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Golden Age of Greece
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Acropolis | A high, rocky hill above a Greek city where temples were built. In Athens, it was the site of the Parthenon. |
| Agora | A large square in the center of the city that served as a public meeting place and marketplace. |
| Amphitheater | An open-air stadium built into a hillside where thousands of people could watch theatrical performances. |
| Architecture | The art of designing buildings |
| Pediment | The slanted rooftop, forming a triangle at each end of a building |
| Frieze | A rectangular band beneath the pediment |
| Metope | Individual sculptures, placed along the frieze |
| Triglyph | Column-like patterns, placed between metopes along the frieze |
| Doric | The simplest column style with no base and a slimmer top |
| Ionic | A thinner column style with a base and scrolls carved into the top |
| Corinthian | The most complex style, very thin with a base and leaf-like carvings at the top |
| Commerce | The buying and selling of goods, which often took place in the agora |
| Democracy (Direct) | A government where citizens rule themselves directly by proposing, debating, and voting on laws |
| Drama | The art of writing and performing plays |
| Comedies | Humorous plays that often poked fun at everyday life and politics |
| Tragidies | Sad stories usually about a hero whose flaws lead to their ruin |
| Golden Age | A period of great peace, wealth, and flourishing culture in a nation's history |
| Hellas/Hellenic | "Hellas" is the name the ancient Greeks used for their region; "Hellenic" refers to their language and culture |
| Long Wall | A massive stone wall extension that connected the city of Athens to its harbor, five miles away |
| Mount Olympus | A real mountain in Greece, believed to be the home of the gods |
| Myths | Stories about gods used to explain the world and Greek culture |
| Oracle | A priestess through whom a god was believed to speak. People visited the oracle at Delphi to seek advice from the god Apollo |
| Parthenon | The most famous temple in Athens, built on the Acropolis to honor the goddess Athena |
| Philosophy/Philosopher | Philosophy is the "rational investigation of truths"; a philosopher is someone who studies and talks about the meaning of life, justice, and the world |
| Reform | A change intended to improve a system, such as Pericles' changes to the Athenian government |
| Statesman | A wise person experienced in government affairs and leadership |
| Apollo | The god of the sun, poetry, and music |
| Aristotle | A great Greek philosopher who was a student of Plato |
| Athena | The daughter of Zeus and the patron goddess of Athens, representing wisdom and war |
| Dionysus | The god of wine, theater, and entertainment |
| Olympians | The twelve most important gods and goddesses who supposedly lived on Mount Olympus |
| Phidias | A master sculptor of Athens and a friend of Pericles who designed the sculptures for the Parthenon |
| Pericles | The leading statesman of Athens during its Golden Age, who directed the rebuilding of the city and strengthened democracy |
| Plato | A famous philosopher and student of Socrates |
| Socrates | A great Athenian philosopher known for teaching through cross-examination (asking questions) |
| Zeus | The ruler of the gods |
| Panathenaic Games | A multi-day festival of athletic contests and sacrifices held every four years in Athens to celebrate the goddess Athena's birthday |
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