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Non-Blood Form2
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| The doctor has requested a 24 hour urine test for a patient. The collection bottle does not need any additives. Describe the instructions you need to give to the patient. | •empty bladder in toilet •Note this time &date as start •For 24 hours, all urine must be collected in bottle •Use clean container to pour urine in bottle •Avoid faecal contamination •Avoid contamination with menses •Drink normal amount of liquid |
| What should the patient do if patient comes into contact with HCL | If HCL splashes onto The skin - Wash with cold water &seek medical attention if contact is severe/prolonged The eyes /mucous membranes: Rinse immediately with cold water and seek medical attention Swallowed: Seek medical attention immediately |
| If the 24 hour urine test ordered requires a blood sample, when must you draw the blood? | Ideally midpoint of the collection (12hrs into urine collection) |
| List all the information that must be written on the label of the 24h bottle | • The patients name, age, DOB • Height and weight • If HCL or any other addictive has been added • If any blood specimen needs to be collection • starting time and date & end time and date |
| If the 24hr urine bottle requires hydrochloric acid to be added before the urine collection, what precautions must you explain to the patient | •acid in bottle -burn if on skin/mucous membranes,Dont discard it •If collection must be restarted, return to lab •Keep upright, in cool place •Dont pass urine directly in bottle -acid may splash up&burn •Dont smell acid, Keep away from children |
| When receiving a 24 hour urine collection specimen, what must you look for to ensure the quality of the specimen? | • Macroscopic appearance-(If the urine has any fecal contamination) • A bottle that is over full • A bottle that has too little • Evidence of excess spillage of urine down the sides of the bottle |
| Explain the purpose of a 24 hour urine collection? | It is used to detect levels of certain proteins , hormones or compounds excreted in varying amounts over the course of a day, so a 24 hour specimen is used to determine an average value |
| Which 2 patient measurements need to be completed and documented on the label of the 24 hour urine collection bottle? | • Patient height • Patient weight |
| Briefly describe what you would check for when receiving a MSU sample from a patient | •Specimen in sterile container •Check if contaminated (stool) •sufficient sample for test (30ml) •Document antibiotics •Check if the specimen is older than 2 hrs - kept in the fridge (4 ºC) •Check specimen label completed + correctly filled |
| Explain the special handling for a urine sample for porphyria | Protect from light by wrapping in foil |
| Give the rationale to the following steps of a MSU clean catch urine: Swab from front to back | Cleaning removes bacteria away from the urethral opening including secretions and pubic hair |
| How will you collect urine for Chlamydia PCR | • First catch • Of the first urine passed in the day |
| When is the best time to collect a MSU specimen? Give your reason. | • Early morning • The specimen is more concentrated – larger amount of pathogens will be present |
| Give the rationale to the following steps of a MSU clean catch urine: Hold the labia open with one hand | Allows for proper cleaning of the area |
| What part of the stream is needed for an MSU? | Middle part/ mid-stream |
| Name the preservative used for a urine for cytology | 50% alcohol |
| According to your SOP on specimen collection for cytology, what must you do if you cannot transport the urine specimen to the lab immediately? | • Put in the fridge • Dilute with equal volumes of 50% alcohol |
| Give the rationale to the following steps of a MSU clean catch urine: Remove the lid of the container without touching the inside of the lid | Container must remain sterile for accurate results |
| Give the correct definition to the following term: Micturition | Act of passing urine |
| What is the legal age of consent for a drugs of abuse test? | 12 years |
| What will happen if urine samples are not tested promptly or preserved | *Cellular elements decompose *Bilirubin breaks down to biliverdin *Bacteria multiply leading to erroneous results |
| A positive urine dipstick result of ketones in the urine could indicate | *Diabetes mellitus *Prolonged vomiting *Starvation or fasting |
| Give the correct term to the following definition: Painful micturition | Dysuria |
| Explain the first step required to obtain a catheter specimen | Clamp the catheter tubing for 30 min |
| Once the specimen urine specimen from a catheter is obtained – what needs to be documented on the request form that indicates collection method/ | That specimen is obtained from a catheter |
| Urine human chorionic gonadotropin can be detected in | *Patients who are pregnant * Patient with melanoma *Patients with tumours of ovaries and testes |
| What information needs to be documented on the request form when receiving a urine sample for MC&S? | Antibiotic usage |
| Explain the 2nd step required to obtain a catheter specimen | Clean the specimen port with 70% isopropyl alcohol – let airdry |
| Why is the first specimen of the day not suitable for urine for Cytology? | As exfoliated cells show degeneration due to long exposure to concentrated urine |
| How often should the patient be checked after the application of an infant urine collection bag? | Every 15 minutes |
| Provide 3 examples of physical examination of urine | • Clarity • Colour • Odour • Volume • Specific gravity |
| Instrument used for the purpose of examination of Urine for Cytology | Microscope |
Created by:
cisca