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apush cause n effect
| term or idea | cause and effect |
|---|---|
| columbian exchange | cause: newfound resources in the Americas effect: introduction of animals in Americas, potatoes in Europe (increased population), death of natives (smallpox) |
| encomienda system | cause: need for labor for European colonies effect: caste system in Spanish colonies + death and escape of natives + conversion of natives |
| introduction of slavery | cause: death of natives (replacing encomienda system) [note: indentured servitude also briefly used] effect: reliance on free labor in agricultural colonies --> middle passage |
| conversion of natives | cause: protestant revolution --> competition to spread religion effect: syncretism (ex: our lady of guadalupe) |
| enlightenment | cause: European intellectualism ideas effect: revolutionary ideas (ex: John Locke--natural rights, Montesquieu--separation of powers) |
| salutary neglact | cause: navigation acts + britain's need to focus on European wars effect: autonomous development of colonies --> development of democratic governments (House of Burgesses) |
| French & Indian War/Seven Years War | cause: tensions with france effect: British war debt --> enforcement of Stamp Act |
| stamp act | cause: seven years war effect: anger from colonies (tax w/o rep) --> creation of sons and daughters of liberty |
| boston massacre | cause: anger with british soldier occupation to collect taxes effect: Boston Tea Party |
| boston tea party | cause: boston massacre effect: coercive acts + quartering acts |
| battle of lexington and concord (1775) | cause: american anger effect: revolutionary war --> declaration of independence |
| revolutionary war | cause: like everything the british did effect: colonies win BECAUSE of leadership of washington + alliance with France |
| battle of saratoga | cause: fight in revolutionary war effect: colonies win, secure alliance w/ France |
| articles of confederation | cause: need for government effect: weak central government |
| shay's rebellion | cause: high taxes effect: showing of the weaknesses of Articles of Confederation |
| northwest ordinance of 1787 | cause: addition of land in ohio effect: successful, showing that the Articles of Confederation had strengths |
| constitution | cause: necessity for a stronger federal government effect: separation of powers, more powers given to federal government |
| fight to ratify constitution | cause: federalist + anti federalist debates on powers of federal government effect: addition of bill of rights, House & Senate, 3/5 compromise |
| embargo and non-intercourse act | cause: want for Britain and France to recognize neutrality effect: hurt US economy more than European |
| War of 1812 | cause: British impressment of american soldiers cause: Treaty of Ghent --> era of good feelings |
| monroe doctrine | cause: isolationism effect: increased spheres of influence over Latin America |
| market revolution | cause: self-reliance on economy effect: increased infrastructure and growing middle class |
| panic of 1819 | cause: drop in cotton prices, poor bank management effect: no property qualifications on voting |
| nullification crisis (1832) | cause: tariff of abominations to protect northern manufacturing effect: economic strain on southern states --> resistance--> FORCE BILL |
| second great awakening | cause: westward expansion, democratization of politics effect: utopian societies, voluntary organizations, expansion of women's rights (Seneca Falls Convention) |
| missouri compromise (1832) | cause: odd number of states effect: geographic line to seperate slave and free states |
| manifest destiny | cause: want for westward expansion effect: louisiana purchase (1803) , indian removal act, oregan trail, etc |
| mexican american war (1846-1848) | cause: Polk's want for california effect: Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo |
| gold rush | cause: expansion into california effect: mass western migration + foreign immigration (namely Chinese) |
| beginning of foreign immigration | cause: acquisition of more territory effect: nativist reactions --> Know Nothing party |
| mexican cession of land | cause: treaty of guadalupe hidalgo + other impressions effect: debates over slavery (ex: Wilmot Proviso) |
| kansas-nebraska act | cause: tensions and pressure from southerners to expand slavery effect: seen as reverse of missouri compromise --> bleeding kansas |
| dred scott decision | cause: man keeping slave in a free state effect: verdict says supreme court can't do anything --> angered northeners |
| election of 1860 | cause: uhhh election cycle effect: lincoln wins --> states start to secede |
| union victory in civil war | cause: larger population, better economic resources (banks, factories, etc.), stronger federal government (enforceable draft) effect: emancipation proclamation |
| reconstruction | cause: cultural and economic differences of the south post-civil war ENFORCED BY military reconstruction acts effect: resistance to reconstruction from the south (Black codes, KKK) and adoption of amendments (13, 14, 15) |
| 15th amendment | cause: reconstruction + civil rights efforts effect: split in women's movement; stanton--women are being ignored w/ amendment vs douglass--amendment will help women eventually |
| westward land expansion | cause: wars and acquisitions effectsL homestead acts, boomtowns, US TREATY VIOLATIONS W NATIVES |
| commercialization of farming | cause: industrialization effect: independent farmers struggled to make money (outcompeted) --> National Grange Movement |
| us treaty violations w/ natives | cause: westward expansion effect: fighting--sioux wars, ghost dance, wounded knee massacre, dawes act |
| productivity in the gilded age | cause: new technology (steel, railroads), communication, pro-business government policies (McKinley Tariff) effect: large income inequality |
| economic innovations | cause: vertical integration, horizontal integration, advertisements, limited liability effect: monopolies/powerful corporations |
| presence of inequality | cause: monopolies, large wealth gap effect: socialism, reform movements, transcendentalism |
| expansion overseas | cause: industrialization --> technology + money and resources effect: hawaii, spheres of influence in China, Latin america (Guano Islands act), alaska purchase, etc |
| "new south" | cause: spread of industrialization to the south effect: jim crow laws (upheld by plessy v ferguson) |
| increased immigration in the gilded age | cause: expanding job opportunities bc of industrialization effect: ethnic enclaves, Chinese Exclusion Act, SETTLEMENT HOUSES (Hull house) |
| labor unions | cause: triangle shirtwaist factory fire, poor conditions effects: riots + violent organizations--> goverment intervention |
| growth of middle class | cause: middle management growth, access to education (morrill act) effects: middle class lifestyle w/ leisure time |
| corruption of the gilded age | cause: spoils system, wealthy corporations effects: creation of political machines, pendleton act + populist party + unions to combat |
| support for imperial expansion | cause: frontier thesis, social darwinism effect: anti imperialist league to combat, increased foreign missions |
| spanish-american war | cause: yellow journalism, USS Maine explodes effect: US gains territories (Puerto Rico, Philippines, Cuba), US involvement in asia |
| progressive movement | cause: want to reform social, political, economic issues w government effect: secret ballots --> 17th amendment (voting), immigration act og 1917, 1921, conservation vs preservation debates, teddy roosevelt acts, wilson tariffs and income tax |
| attack on big businesses | cause: unethical manners of big corporations effect: journalism to unveil (The Jungle --> Pure food & Drug Act) |
| US involvement in WW1 | cause: german submarine warfare, zimmerman telegram effect: helped allied powers win with military and location --> league of nations (not ratified by senate) |
| espionage & sedition acts | cause: organize society around war effort effect: attacks on immigrant culture, Schenk v. US |
| increased migration during ww1 | cause: economic opportunities bc of lack of workers effect: Great migration (racism persists --> tulsa race massacre) |
| automation in ww1 | cause: Ford's assembly line effect: increased productivity |
| urbanization | cause: job opportunities for women, immigrants. better infrastructure effect: urban sprawl |
| nativism in 1920s | cause: increased foreign immigration for jobs effect: Sacco & Vanzetti case, Emergency Quota Act, National Origins Act |
| harlem renaissance | cause: ethnic black communities in NYC effect: new art forms (jazz, poetry, etc.) |
| changes in american culture | cause: increased civic participation of women, african americans effect: gender roles to be equal (flappers), black separatism |
| great depression | cause: wealth gap, no social aid, irresponsibly stock practices effect: not affordable prices, poor quality of living |
| hoovervilles | cause: private charity instead of govt intervention, tariffs effect: poor quality of living |
| New deal (1933) | cause: FDR's govt intervention, great depression effect: PWA, TVA, FDIC, etc (lots of job opportunities) ALSO criticism--too socialist + Huey Long, not enough AND black americans start to vote democratic |
| US involvement in WW2 | cause: already allied w/ Britain and France, Lend-lease act, + pearl harbor effect: joined to attack fascism and totalitarianism |
| war mobilization | cause: need for larger arsenal --> govt spending increases effect: US pulled out of great depression bc of expanding economy around war --> gave women opportunities + Bracero program (increased illegal immigration) + japanese internment |
| allied victory | cause: technological advancements, strategic military campaigns (D-day), atomic bombs on japan effect: America becomes leading world power, creation of the UN, start of the cold war bc of tensions w/ USSR |
| buffer states | cause: russia needed in case of invasion effect: tightened control over Eastern europe |
| Truman doctrine | cause: communist uprising in Greece + Soviet demands for control in turkey effect: pledging support for countries resisting communism, start of cold war |
| marshall plan | cause: European countries in need of economic aid after ww2 effect: democratic government in countries helped my marshall plan, deepened the rift between communist and capitalist countries |
| NATO | cause: precaution against Soviet/communist military power effect: creation of Warsaw pact by Soviet in response |
| national security act | cause: fear of Soviet spies in the US effect: creation of department of defense, national security council, CIA |
| korean war | cause: invasion of society backed north korea into south korea effect: stalemate at 38th parallel |
| bacon's rebellion (1676) | cause: no protection of virginia settlers over native raids effect: implementation of slavery |
| brinkmanship | cause: feelings of American nuclear superiority effect: retaliation of Soviets--mutually assured destruction |
| Cuban missile crisis (1962) | cause: discovery of missiles in cuba effect: nuclear test ban treaty |
| HUAC (1938) | cause: organization to seek out nazis effect: used to find Communists in government |
| McCarthyism (1950-1954) | cause: hysteria around communism effect: government officials and celebrities being accused of communism |
| GI bill (1944) | cause: fear of post war economic depression and loss of jobs effect: more educated workforce, secure economy post-war |
| levittowns (1947 - 1951) | cause: industrialization, fast production and construction of suburban houses effects: conformity in American culture, rapid urbanization, REDLINING |
| sunbelt migration | cause: warm climates, low taxes, economic opportunities effect: housing affordability crisis, infrastructure strain |
| fair deal (1949) | cause: expansion of new deal legacy effect: public housing, health insurances, foundation for great society |
| new frontier (1961-1963) | cause: jfk aims to stimulate economy and society effect: space race, expansion of trade, expansion of civil rights |
| beatnik movement | cause: culture of conformity in the US effect: youth rebellion of social standards |
| conglomerates | cause: risk mitigation post ww2 effect: standardization of American products (ex: fast food) |
| brown v BoE (1952-1954) | cause: protests against segregation effect: desegregation ONLY in schools, little rock nine (1957) |
| Warren court | cause: justice earl warren effect: progressive social and civil reforms made |
| Eisenhower doctrine (1957) | cause: Suez canal conflict + soviet influence that followed effect: solidified US policy of containment |
| iran hostage crisis (1979-1981) | cause: US admission of Iranian shah into the country (angered revolutionaries) effect: Algiers accords (freeing Iranian assets) |
| domino theory | cause: fear of communism in SEA effect: justification of Vietnam war |
| Tonkin gulf resolution (1964) | cause: north Vietnamese alleged attack on US effect: start/escalation of Vietnam war |
| tet offensive (1968) | cause: to break Vietnam war stalemate effect: surprise attack on south Vietnam, US military recovered South Vietnam territory |
| vietnamization under nixon | cause: increasing dislike for US Vietnam involvement effect: more money given to Vietnam, troops slowly being taken out |
| pentagon papers (1971) | cause: government deception regarding Vietnam war effect: mass protests and distrusts |
| war powers act (1973) | cause: government deception in cold war effect: restrictions on presidents military actions |
| war on poverty | cause: increasing poverty levels w/o solution effect: office of economic opportunity |
| great society (1964) | cause: aim to eliminate racial and economic injustice effect: reduced poverty, economic strain on US bc of simultaneous involvement in Vietnam war, debates about efficiency, beautify America program, immigration act of 1965 (no ethnic quotas) |
| bloody Sunday (1965) | cause: lack of satisfaction with civil rights act --> protest effect: violent government response |
| voting rights act of 1965 | cause: bloody sunday effect: got rid of literacy tests, racial discrimination in voting |
| Equal Rights Amendment (ERA) | cause: lack of satisfaction with rights of women effects: turned down because of opposition like Phyllis Schlafly |
| Americans Indian Movement | cause: dissatisfaction w US broken treaties effect: Indian Self-Determination Act |
| Watergate (1972-1974) | cause: internal corruption of Nixon effect: Nixon resigns, more distrust w/ govt |
| Moral majority | cause: liberal/progressive policies and society effect: political organization and efforts by conservative christians |
| Reaganomics | cause: Reagan conservative views on economy effect: economic growth, increased investment, very high national debt (doubled) |
| obergell v hodges | cause: gay rights movement effect: protected same-sex marriage |
| Iran-Contra affair | cause: Reagan giving resources to help anti socialist groups effect: tarnished Reagan reputation, incited debates on executive power |
| breakup of soviet union (1991) | cause: economic stagnation, Gorbachev reforms (Perestroika and Glasnost) effect: end of cold war, US became sole superpower |
| war on terrorism | cause: 9/11 attacks effect: Patriot Act, military spending and occupation in Afghanistan and Iraq |
| globalization | cause: end of cold war, technology expansion effect: rise of multinational corporation |
| obamacare/affordable care act | cause: goals of expanding healthcare effect: increased to low -income adults, also received lots of backlash by republicans (Tea Party) |
Created by:
sampoli