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cold war exam
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What was the U-2 Incident? | A U.S. spy plane was shot down over the USSR, increasing tensions (1960) |
| Why was Berlin so important? | It was deep inside East Germany but controlled by both sides, making it a Cold War hotspot |
| What triggered the Berlin Airlift? | The USSR blockaded West Berlin to force the West out |
| What was the Common Market? | Western European countries trading freely to strengthen economies |
| What was the Russo-China Split? | China and USSR stopped cooperating over differences in communism (1960) |
| Why did China join the Korean War? | They felt threatened by UN forces near their border |
| What was the goal of the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan? | Gain influence and access to warm-water ports |
| Berlin Airlift | U.S. flew supplies into West Berlin after Soviet blockade (1948–1949) |
| NATO | Military alliance of U.S. and Western nations (1949) |
| Warsaw Pact | Soviet alliance to counter NATO (1955) |
| Iron Curtain | Division between communist East and democratic West Europe |
| Satellite Nation | Country controlled by the USSR |
| Berlin Wall (purpose) | Kept East Germans from escaping to the West (built 1961) |
| What was brinkmanship? | Pushing conflict to the edge of war to force backing down |
| What was the arms race? | U.S. and USSR building massive nuclear weapons |
| What was the Space Race? | Competition to explore space (USSR started it in 1957) |
| Who was first in space? | Yuri Gagarin (USSR) |
| Who was first American in space? | Alan Shepard |
| Korean War (what happened?) | North Korea invaded South; war ended in stalemate (1950–1953) |
| What is the DMZ? | Buffer zone separating North and South Korea |
| Vietnam War (goal of U.S.) | Contain communism in North Vietnam |
| Domino Theory | Belief that if one country falls to communism, others will follow |
| Who led North Vietnam? | Ho Chi Minh |
| Vietnamization | U.S. strategy to withdraw troops and let South Vietnam fight |
| When did Vietnam War end? | North Vietnam took over South (1975) |
| Cuban Missile Crisis (what?) | U.S. and USSR nearly went to nuclear war over missiles in Cuba |
| Who led Cuba during the crisis? | Fidel Castro |
| What ended the Cuban Missile Crisis? | USSR removed missiles; U.S. removed missiles from Turkey |
| Third World Countries | Nations not aligned with U.S. or USSR |
| United Nations | International organization to maintain peace (1945) |
| Market Economy | Private ownership, supply and demand control prices |
| Command Economy | Government controls production and prices |
| Capitalism | Economic system based on private ownership and profit |
| Communism | System where government owns property and aims for equality |
| Detente | Relaxation of tensions between U.S. and USSR (1970s) |
| What did Richard Nixon do for détente? | Visited China and USSR; worked on arms limits |
| SALT Talks | Agreements to limit nuclear weapons |
| Why did détente end? | USSR invaded Afghanistan |
| Strategic Defense Initiative (SDI) | Reagan’s plan to use technology to stop nuclear missiles |
| Who led USSR during its collapse? | Mikhail Gorbachev |
| Glasnost | Policy of openness in USSR (mid-1980s) |
| Perestroika | Economic restructuring in USSR (mid-1980s) |
| Democratization | Shift toward democracy in Eastern Europe (~1980s–90s) |
| Solidarity | Polish movement challenging communism (1980) |
| How did Hungary resist Soviet rule? | 1956 uprising overthrew government but was crushed by Soviet tanks |
| What happened in Czechoslovakia? | 1968 reforms were crushed by Warsaw Pact invasion |
| What was the Soviet-Afghan War? | USSR invaded Afghanistan; U.S. supported resistance |
| Why did the USSR collapse? | Economic failure, reforms, desire for freedom, military pressure |
| When did the USSR collapse? | 1991 |
| What happened after the USSR collapsed? | Countries broke away; Cold War ended |
| What was the U-2 Incident? | A U.S. spy plane was shot down over the USSR, increasing tensions (1960) |
| Why was Berlin so important? | It was deep inside East Germany but controlled by both sides, making it a Cold War hotspot |
| What triggered the Berlin Airlift? | The USSR blockaded West Berlin to force the West out |
| What was the Common Market? | Western European countries trading freely to strengthen economies |
| What was the Russo-China Split? | China and USSR stopped cooperating over differences in communism (1960) |
| Why did China join the Korean War? | They felt threatened by UN forces near their border |
| What was the goal of the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan? | Gain influence and access to warm-water ports |
| Why did the U.S. visit China matter? | It weakened Soviet influence and improved relations with China |
| Why did SALT matter? | It slowed the nuclear arms race |
Created by:
markoii