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Watershed Final

TermDefinition
Sources of Temperature Increase Water used as cooling agent Loss in riparian cover
Temperature increasing consequences or effects Algal Blooms Change in fish composition
How do we measure temperature Thermometer
Temperature BMPs Riparian cover restoration Altering discharge from cooling plants
Pesticide Sources Herbicides Insecticides Farm used and urban runoff
Pesticide consequences or effects Fish kills Kills beneficial aquatic insects
Pesticide BMPs Use bioremediation practices Reduce spray drift (windbreaks) Sprat in proper timing
How to measure pesticides Fish tissue
Salt Sources Road Salts Salt Water intrusion
Salt Effects Toxic to freshwater biota Chemical stratification
Salt measuring tools Electrical conductivity Chloride and other ions with grab samples
Salt BMPs Other deicing agents Stormwater management systems
Pathogen Sources Livestock Septic tanks
Pathogen measuring tools Lab samples for indicators Bacterial source tracking
Pathogen effects Viruses
Pathogen BMPS No direct cattle access to streams Riparian buffers
Changes in water quantity sources Dams Storm Water Runoff
Water quantity effects Loss of habitat Water supply
Water quantity measurements In situ flow senors
Water quantity BMPs Sticks in cricks. Lowering storm water entering the system
3 categories for water quality and an example of each Physical - Hydrology Chemical - Nutrient levels Biological - Fish and Invertibrates
What is an ecosystem? Spatially explicit unit of the earth including all living and non-living components within its boundaries.
Heterotrophs Get their carbon from inorganic forms and respirate to get their energy using an electron donor and acceptor. Humans acceptor is oxygen. (chemical oxidation)
Autotrophs Get their carbon from inorganic sources and respire to get energy.
Phytoplankton Suspended algae
Benthic Algae Bottom of the system
Emergent Vegetation Rooted but emerging out of water surface
Riparian Vegetation Edge of system
SAV. Rooted with tissue still in water
Order of who gets sun first 1.. Riparian Vegetation 2. Emergent vegetation 3. Phytoplankton 4. SAV and Benthic
Why is oxygen higher in upper water levels 1. More sunlight in the photo zone and primary productivity for algae releases oxygen 2. Closer to atmosphere for diffusion
Why is CO2 higher at the bottom of the system 1. Decomposition/microbial respiration 2. Algae uses CO2 at the top for primary productivity
Primary productivity takes up ___ and creates ____ CO2 and Oxygen
Repiration takes up _____ and creates _____ Oxygen and CO2
Why is the decomposition of detritus critical for ecosystem metabolism gives inorganic nutrients for plants to take up
As you go from edge of lake to middle what happens to sunlight Increases
As you go from headwater stream to big river what happens to DO Decreases
What will phytoplankton typically track Sunlight (primary productivity)
Euttrophication Increase in primary productivity
What inhibits primary productivity from increasing A limiting factor
Consequences of eutrophication Algal blooms, fish kills, lower DO
Why is cutting and herbiciding floating veg bad Nutrients go to the bottom and just get re-released into the system Stop the source instead
How have humans entered nitrogen system Taken nitrogen from the atostphere and used it in fertilizers
How have humans entered the phosphorus system Mined and released into system
How have humans entered the carbon system Burning of fossil fuels
How should collections be conducted According to EPA methods Hach has the most epa approved methods
What is the goal of proper collection Make sure the collection is representative of what you are trying to sample. Correct sample location and no cross contamination.
What is the goal of handling the sample Make sure the sample stays representative. Proper holding techniques and transportation methods.
What can be measured with sensors Flow, Nitrate, SRP, Turbidity, Ph, DO, Maybe E. coli
Cannot be measured with sensors Pesticides, TN
Best monitoring method for High Temporal Resolution on storm events (remember if we have sensors for the constituent or not) Auto samplers
Regional Turbidity Surveys Manual Grab Samples
High resolution shows us what Many measurements to notice patterns.
Why does DO go up during the day and down at night. Oxygen is created during photosynthesis and is used during respiration and decomposition when die off occurs.
Why does CO2 go down during the day and up at night. CO2 is used in photosynthesis and created in respiration
Spatial resolution data How many places and where you ware sampling.
How would you go about using high spatial resolution data to identify sources and sinks. Use a sensor and transects in different locations to find high concentrations (source) and low concentration (sinks)
What is needed to compare a system to in a biological assessment Reference ecosystem
What is needed of a reference ecosystem Representative of the same type of system and same region.
Why are macroinvertibrates important for condition assessment? 1. Differ in sensitivity and tolerance 2. Don't move/constant sampling
Why do we care about topography 1. Delineation 2. Water storages
Where do we get topography data LiDAR
Why do we care about water features Storage and drainage patterns
How do we get water feature data GIS analysis
Why do we care about soils 1. Effect sediment load 2. Contaminant retention
How do we get soils data Surveys and survey databases
Why do we care about geology 1. Water flows 2. Mineral Sources
How do we get geological data Cores or drilling records
Water Monitoring Plan Steps Objective -> Watershed delineation and characteristics -> Parameters and indicators to be measured -> Protocol of collection and monitoring -> Data management -> Outcomes
Created by: jackscarbs
 



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