Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Nuclear
there
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Ionizing radiation removes what from atoms? | Electrons |
| What does it mean when an atom is ionized? | It has lost an electron |
| Radioactive decay transforms what kind of atoms? | Unstable atoms |
| What is radioactive decay? | Spontaneous transformation of an unstable atom |
| What does ionizing radiation deposit in human tissue? | Energy |
| What unit measures absorbed dose? | Gray (Gy) |
| What unit measures effective (biological) dose? | Sievert (Sv) |
| Natural background radiation dose in Ontario (per this course)? | About 3 mSv per year |
| Gamma radiation is a form of what type of radiation? | Electromagnetic radiation |
| Ionizing radiation produces what in matter? | Ion pairs |
| Radiation can break what type of bonds in DNA? | Chemical bonds |
| What type of radiation damage occurs when DNA is struck directly? | Direct effects |
| Most radiation damage occurs through what mechanism? | Indirect effects |
| Indirect radiation damage is mainly caused by what? | Free radicals from ionized water |
| What are stochastic effects? | Random, probabilistic health effects |
| Do stochastic effects have a threshold? | No |
| What increases with dose for stochastic effects? | Probability |
| Name two examples of stochastic effects. | Cancer and hereditary effects |
| What are non-stochastic effects also called? | Deterministic effects |
| Do non-stochastic effects have a threshold? | Yes |
| What increases with dose for non-stochastic effects? | Severity |
| Give examples of non-stochastic effects. | Skin burns, cataracts, reduced fertility |
| What dose-response model is used in radiation protection? | Linear No-Threshold (LNT) model |
| What does the LNT model assume about radiation risk? | Risk increases linearly with dose with no threshold |
| Regulatory dose limits are based on what? | Statistical risk factors |
| Are regulatory dose limits based on observed clinical injury? | No |
| Who regulates nuclear gauges in Canada? | Canadian Nuclear Safety Commission (CNSC) |
| What legal document allows possession and use of nuclear gauges? | Nuclear licence |
| Workers must use equipment to protect the environment and the what of persons? | Health and safety |
| What is the public dose limit per year? | 1 mSv |
| When must a worker be classified as a Nuclear Energy Worker (NEW)? | If likely to exceed 1 mSv per year |
| What is the annual effective dose limit for a NEW? | 50 mSv per year |
| What is the 5-year dose limit for a NEW? | 100 mSv in 5 years |
| What is the effective dose limit for a pregnant NEW (remainder of pregnancy)? | 4 mSv |
| The CNSC regulates the nuclear industry through what? | Licences and control documents |
| Violations of licence conditions can lead to what? | Suspension or revocation of the licence |
| What does ALARA stand for? | As Low As Reasonably Achievable |
| Are dose limits targets or upper limits? | Upper limits |
| Workers participate in ALARA programs by following established what? | Procedures |
| Nuclear gauges emit which two types of radiation? | Gamma and neutron |
| Which radiation is used for density measurement? | Gamma |
| Which radiation is used for moisture measurement? | Neutrons |
| Fast neutrons are slowed down by what process in soil? | Thermalization |
| Fast neutrons are slowed mainly by the presence of what in soil? | Water |
| What are the three basic principles of radiation protection? | Time, distance, shielding |
| Radiation intensity decreases with distance according to what law? | Inverse square law |
| Typical minimum distance from a gauge during measurements? | About 2 meters |
| When not in use, how must a nuclear gauge be secured? | Chained or cabled to a fixed anchor point |
| Maximum radiation level outside a storage area? | 2.5 µSv per hour |
| How often must sealed sources be leak tested? | Annually |
| What is the CNSC leakage limit for sealed sources? | 200 Bq |
| Emergency transport documents must be kept where in the vehicle? | On the seat or in the door pocket |
| What is the first action after a gauge accident? | Keep people at least 2 meters away |
| What is the minimum exclusion zone in an emergency? | 2 meters |
| Severe gauge damage must be reported to whom immediately? | RSO and CNSC |
| Loss or theft of a nuclear gauge must be reported to whom? | RSO, police, and CNSC |
| Within how many days must a written report be submitted to the CNSC after an incident? | 21 days |
| Any suspected what that could exceed action levels must be reported immediately? | Personal exposure |
Created by:
user-2040004