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Genetics
Lesson 1.1,1.2
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Allele | one of two or more different versions of the same gene |
| Dominant allele | allele that masks the presence of another allele for the same gene when they occur together in a heterozygote |
| Genetics | the science of heredity |
| Genotype | alleles an individual inherits at a particular genetic locus |
| Heterozygote | organism that inherits two different alleles for a given gene |
| Homozygote | organism that inherits two alleles of the same type for a given gene |
| Hybrid | offspring that results from a cross between two different types of parents |
| Law of independent assortment | Mendel’s second law stating that factors controlling different characteristics are inherited independently of each other |
| law of segretion | Mendel's first law stating that the two factors controlling a characteristics separate and go to different gametes |
| locus | position of a gene on a chromosome |
| phenotype | characteristics of an organism that depend on how the organisms genotype is expressed |
| pollen | tiny grains that bear the male gametes of seed plants and transfer sperm to female reproductive structure |
| pollination | fertilization in plants in which pollen is transferred to female gametes in an ovary |
| recessive allele | allele that is maked by the presence of another allele for the same gene when they occur together in a heterozygote |
| codominance | relationship between two alleles for the same gate in which both alleles are expressed equally in phenotype of the heterozygote |
| incomplete dominance | relationship between the alleles for a gene in which one allele is only partly dominant to the other allele so an intermediate phenotype result |
| polygenic characteristic | characteristic,or trait,controlled by more than one gene,each of which may have two or more alleles |
| probability | the likelihood,or chance,than a certain event will occur |
| punnett square | chart for determining the expected percentages of different genotypes if the offspring of two parents |