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Health Psych Final
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Cardiovascular System | made up of heart, blood, and blood vessels |
| Cardiovascular Disease | Disorders of the heart and blood vessel system |
| Coronary Heart Disease | Chronic disease in which the arteries that supply the heart become narrowed or clogged |
| Causes of Cardiovascular Disease | Atherosclerosis and arteriosclerosis |
| Atherosclerosis | cholesterol and other fats are deposited on the walls of coronary arteries, vessel walls become thickened and narrow, circulation is reduced |
| Arteriosclerosis | Hardening of the arteries, lose elasticity, clots more likely |
| Three Cardiovascular diseases | Angina Pectoris, Myocardial Infarction, Cerebrovascular Accident |
| Angina Pectoris/ Ischemia | Restriction of blood supply to heart |
| Myocardial Infarction | Heart Attack |
| Cerebrovascular Accident (Stroke) | damage to brain due to lack of oxygen |
| Infarct | area of dead or dying tissue resulting from an obstruction of the blood vessels |
| symptoms of stroke | word salad, vision changes, paralysis, memory loss, dizziness, headache |
| ischemia | vessel blockage prevents sufficient supply of blood to brain due to: foreign bodies (thrombosis, embolism) or arteriosclerosis |
| transient ischemic attacks | typically, a few minutes in duration (up to 24 hrs) 1/3 will have acute stroke |
| cerebral hemorrhage | massive bleeding into the brain with an abrupt onset |
| "broken heart" syndrome/ stress cardiomyopathy | temporary heart failure triggered by sudden, intense emotional stress |
| controllable risk factors for CVD | tobacco use, inflammation, abdominal obesity, cholesterol level |
| uncontrollable risk factors for CVD | family history, age, gender, race |
| type A personality | competitive, hurried, organized, ambitious, stress-prone |
| type B personality | relaxed, not pressured by time constraints, less stress-prone |
| type D (distressed) personality | frequent negative emotions, difficulty expressing feelings, social inhibition |
| John Henryism | active coping in high stress + low SES= high blood pressure-- one proposed explanation for higher rates of hypertension among Black Americans |
| benign tumor | noncancerous |
| malignant tumor | cancerous |
| in situ | growing at site where originated |
| metastasis | malignant body cells proliferate and spread |
| Carcinoma | most common type of cancer- attack the epithelial cells that line the outer and inner surfaces of the body- usually form solid tumors-- includes cancer of the breast, prostate, colon, lung, skin |
| Sarcoma | develops in bones and soft tissues-- most often found in arms, legs, chest, abdomen (2% of all cancers) |
| Leukemia | attach blood and blood forming tissues (bone marrow)-- proliferation of white blood cells in bloodstream and bone marrow; impairs immune system |
| lymphoma | body's lymphatic system-- includes Hodgkin's and non-Hodgkin's |
| Cancer risk factors | tobacco, alcohol, diet, physical activity, family history, toxins in air and chemicals, UV radiation |
| cancer diagnosis--stage | tumor size and spread |
| cancer diagnosis-- grade | appearance of cancer cells |
| localized cancer | confined |
| regional cancer | extended to surrounding tissues or organs or involvement of nearby lymph nodes |
| distant cancer | extended to remote parts of the body |
| chemotherapy | use of medicines to treat cancer-- used for cure, to slow growth, kill cancer cells that have spread, or relieve symptoms |
| immunotherapy | medications enhance immune system's ability to selectively target cancer cells |
| chemotherapy side effects | fatigue, nausea, mouth sores, hair loss |
| external beam radiation | high dose x-rays, gamma rays, or alpha and beta particles used to kill or damage cancerous tumors- usually local to tumor |
| internal radiation therapy | solid source (local) or liquid source (systemic) |
| systemic desensitization | counterconditioning, hierarchy of fears, use of relaxation strategies and guided imagery-- typically used for treating phobias but also used for chemo patients |
| clinical pain | requires some form of medical treatment |
| acute pain | short, stinging pain |
| recurrent pain | pain lasting for a 3 month period |
| chronic pain | pain lasting for at least 6 months-- any part of body (dull and burning pain) high- impact-- impacts daily life |
| electromyography (EMG) | Assesses the amount of muscle tension that pain sufferers experiences |
| indicators of autonomic arousal | measures of heart rate, breathing, blood pressure, skin temperature, skin conductance |
| pain behavior scale | trained observer rates target behaviors- uses 4 point scale ("none" to "severe") |
| A-delta (fast) fibers | fast pain system- acute pain- skin and mucous membranes- stimulated by pressure or extreme temperatures |
| C (slow) fibers | slow pain system- chronic pain: all body tissues except brain-- chemical changes in damaged tissues |
| A-beta fibers | inhibits pain |
| Endorphins | natural opioids that produce pain relief |
| Stress-Induced Analgesia (SIA) | stress-related increase in tolerance to pain, presumably mediated by endorphin system |
| Naloxone | opioid antagonist that binds to opioid receptors in the body to block the effects of natural opiates and painkillers |
| SCN9A gene | Encodes instruction for sodium channels that rely on painful sensations |
| augmenters | have low tolerance for discomfort |
| reducers | higher tolerance for discomfort |
| sensory focus | Attending directly to the sensations of a painful stimulus without necessarily trying to change those reactions |
| Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) | Emphasizes observing thoughts and feelings as they are, without trying to change them--The struggle with pain causes the most suffering |
Created by:
clairemaggard