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Bio 5th ch 55

QuestionAnswer
Blood vessels A network of tubes that transport blood around the body to and from the heart.
The heart An organ that acts as the central pump for the circulation of blood.
Blood A fluid connective tissue made of different cells that is pumped by the heart through the network of blood vessels to transport substances around the body.
3 types of blood vessels Arteries, veins, capillaries
Arteries carry oxygen-rich (oxygenated) blood away from the heart. The centre of arteries is a hollow passageway that blood flows through called a lumen.
Veins carry oxygen-poor (deoxygenated) blood to the heart. Veins have a wider lumen than arteries
Capillaries Capillaries are small blood vessels that connect arteries and veins. The structure of each type of blood vessel is adapted to its role in the circulatory system.
Structures of the heart Pg 319
Septum The septum is a wall of muscle tissue that separates the left and right sides of the heart. It prevents oxygenated and deoxygenated blood from mixing.
Cardiac muscle tissue Cardiac muscle tissue is a type of muscle tissue that is only found in the heart. It is an involuntary muscle that contracts and relaxes rhythmically to pump blood around the body.
How is deoxygenated blood transported through the heart Deoxygenated blood is transported to the heart through the vena cava and enters the right atrium. The tricuspid valve opens for blood to flow into the right ventricle. The blood is pumped through the semilunar valve in the pulmonary artery, which takes th
How is oxygenated blood transported through the heart Oxygenated blood is carried by the pulmonary vein from the lungs to the left atrium. The bicuspid valve opens for blood to move into the left ventricle. The ventricle wall contracts and blood is pushed out through the semilunar valve in the aorta to the r
3 pathways of blood circulation Pulmonary circulation, systemic circulation, portal circulation
3 systems that interact with the human circulatory system Digestive, breathing and nervous system
Pacemaker The heartbeat is controlled by the pacemaker, also known as the sinoatrial node (SA node).
Pulse The measure of the number of times the heart contracts in one minute.
Blood pressure Blood pressure is the force exerted by the blood on the wall of the arteries. It is measured in millimetres of mercury (mm Hg).
Cardiac blood supply The heart is a muscle and needs a supply of oxygen and nutrients to produce the energy to function properly. The heart is sustained through its own blood supply via coronary arteries and cardiac veins.
Composition of blood Blood is approximately 55% plasma. The other 45% of blood is made up of red blood cells, white blood cells and platelets.
Red blood cells The role of red blood cells is to transport oxygen around the body. They contain a red pigment called haemoglobin for this purpose.
White blood cells White blood cells (leucocytes) are produced in the bone marrow and mature in the lymphatic system. White blood cells play an essential role in immunity
Platelets Platelets (also known as thrombocytes) are tiny fragments of cells that circulate in the plasma of blood. Platelets are formed in bone marrow. The main role of platelets is to seal any breaks in the blood vessels.
What is the value of knowledge of blood groups for human health Blood transfusions, organ transplants, pregnancy’s
Created by: Louie Masterson
 

 



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