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WGS Module 1
WGS
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Androcentrism | a tendency to place men, masculinity, and men's experiences of the world at the centre of analysis. |
| Gynocentrism | a tendency to place women, femininity, and women's experiences of the world at the centre of analysis |
| Women and Gender Studies is a(n) ___________ concept. | epistemological |
| Gender is a _____ _____ factor in all societies | central organizing |
| Women and Gender Studies uses ______ as a foundation for understanding women and their lives. | feminism |
| What is feminism as defined by the feminist theorist Bell Hooks? | a movement to end sexism, sexist exploitation, and oppression. |
| According to Bell Hooks, who is feminism for? | everybody |
| What was the field of WGS created in response to? | The experiences of women and girls not being addressed by existing scholarly disciplines. |
| What does the field of WGS encourage people to think critically and creatively about? | gender, sex, and sexuality |
| When did WGS as a field emerge? | 1960s |
| Why is it unfortunate that hard-fought struggles have become common sense? | It makes the significant changes less visible, and possible to be taken for granted. |
| What other social justice movements are linked with the women's movement? | - peace movement - civil rights movement - Indian/Native rights movement - gay/lesbian rights movement |
| What was the government preoccupied with in the 1960-70s? | the Cold War and defeating the Soviet Union |
| What slogan was popular during the Vietnam War? | Make love not war |
| The ____ crisis emerged in the 1970s in the US. | oil |
| When and where did the first lunch counter sit-in occur? | July 1958 in Wichita, Kansas |
| What was the purpose of the lunch counter sit-ins? | to end racial segregation in the American South |
| How is white supremacy defined by Bromley? | the belief that white people are superior to all others |
| What has white supremacy resulted in according to Bromley? | the systemic privileging of white people |
| What did the Civil Rights Act of 1964 do? | made racial segregation in schools, workplaces, and public facilities illegal and prohibited discrimination on the basis of race, sex, religion, and national origin. |
| What did the National Voting Rights Act of 1965 do? | banned voter prerequisites and qualifications (such as literacy tests), ended the legal disenfranchisement experienced by African Americans, women, and the poor. |
| Exclusionary practices in Canada relied on _______ ______ and _____ ______ rather than the formal legal structures used in the southern US. | unwritten conventions, social attitudes |
| What is the Fugitive Slave Act of 1850? | allowed free blacks, former, and escaped slaves to be re-enslaved. |
| What did the Fugitive Slave Act of 1850 result in? | an increase in African American people fleeing to Canada. |
| Who was the first named black servant in Canada? | Mathieu de Coste in Nova Scotia, 1608 |
| Who was the first recorded black slave in Canada? | Oliver le Jeune in Quebec, 1632 |
| Native Americans in the US were both citizens of both the US and of their specific ________. | nations |
| Because Native Americans had dual-citizenship, it meant that they could vote in both _______ and national elections. | state |
| Because tribes were recognized as states in the context of an international system of states, they did not have any ________. | autonomy |
| Because tribes were reliant on the US for external protection, they could not ____-_________. | self-govern |
| What did the Indian Civil Rights Act of 1968 do? | granted Indian people the right to free speech, press, assembly, protection from search and seizure, the right to hire an attorney, and equal protection under the law. |
| What did the American Indian Movement (AIM) seek to do? | gain sovereignty over Native American lands and for Native peoples with a focus on treaty rights and the objective of preserving tradition and culture. |
| Who organized the Trail of Broken Treaties March of 1971? | The American Indian Movement (AIM) |
| What did the Trail of Broken Treaties March offer? | a framework for negotiating tribal sovereignty within the federal system. |
| Many Aboriginal people living in Canada moved to the US to join ___ and support Native self-determination. | AIM |
| What did the revision of the 1876 Indian Act in 1951 allow? | some traditional ceremonies (such as potlach and pow-wows, to be practiced again. |
| What were some downsides to the revision of the 1876 Indian Act in 1951? | the exclusion of many women who were born with Indian Status, who lost it (including children and grandchildren) because they married a non-Indian, and conversely non-Indian women who married Indians gained Indian Status. |
| Why was it an issue to lose Indian Status on a reserve? | it prohibited them from having property on the reserve. Additionally, Indian Status was not regained if an Indian woman divorced the non-Indian man she married that made her lose her Indian Status. |
| What did Bill C-31 in 1958 do? | reinstated some Indian women and children's Indian Status. |
| Why was homosexuality repressed during the Cold War? | the government felt that deviant identities were vulnerable to blackmail and communist influences. |
| Because the government thought that deviant identities were vulnerable to blackmail and communist influences, what happened to gay and lesbian people in the military and government institutions? | they were expelled |
| Because the government thought that deviant identities were vulnerable to blackmail and communist influences, what happened to gay bars and social spaces? | heightened policing |
| What did the Modal Penal Code of 1962 serve as? | a guide for states that encouraged consistency in criminal law across the nation. |
| What did the Modal Penal Code of 1962 stipulate to be decriminalized? | 'deviant sexual intercourse' |
| What did the Stonewall Riots of June 27-28 mark? | the first direct resistance to police harassment |
| What Supreme Court decision created a possible legal entry point for gay and lesbian legal activists? | The turning down of Griswold v. Connecticut which had upheld the prohibition of contraceptives among married couples. This meant that the Supreme Court had recognized the fundamental right to privacy. |
| What is Sodomy? | anal sexual intercourse |
| In 2003, what was the outcome of Lawrence v. Texas? | states cannot criminalize consenting adults who engage in sodomy in the privacy of their own homes. |
| In Canada, an amendment was made to the Criminal Code in 1969 that decriminalized consensual sex for those of what age? | 21+ |
| Who proposed the amendment to the Criminal Code in 1969? | Pierre Trudeau |
| What legendary statement did Pierre Trudeau make? | 'the state has no place in the bedrooms of the nation' |
| What did the unjust bathhouse raids of 1981 result in? | the arrest of roughly 300 gay men, many of which lost their jobs after the police notified their employers of their arrest. |
| What were the unjust bathhouse raids of 1981 also known as? | Operation Soap |
| How much did the unjust bathhouse raids of 1981 cost taxpayers? | roughly 10 million dollars |
| When was Pride Day first celebrated? | June 28, 1981 in Toronto. |
| Who was the face of women's involvement in the anti-war movement? | Jane Fonda |
| What Nickname did Jane Fonda receive after making radio broadcasts during her visit to North Vietnam? | Hanoi Jane |
| It is said that Fonda Jane symbolizes what? | the dangerous female who threatens military culture |
| What two people founded the National Organization for Women (NOW)? | Betty Friedan and Reverend Pauli Murray |
| Who was the first African American woman to become an episcopal priest? | Reverend Pauli Murray |
| In what year did NOW embrace lesbian rights as a fundamental feminist goal? | 1969 |
| How did the Redstockings Manifesto (1969) define lesbianism? | as a political identity and a choice, which women should embrace. |
| What did the Redstockings Manifesto (1969) argue was the root of women's oppression? | the patriarchy |
| What are two downsides to viewing the patriarchy as the root of women's oppression? | - makes men the 'targets' of feminism, which gives credit to the backlash - fails to recognize intersection of race and class as culpable in the oppression of all people. |
| The National Ad Hoc Committee on the Status of Women (NAC) formed in what year? | 1971 |
| What was the issue with the NAC's early leadership? | it was all white and middle class, which failed to represent the real diversity of Canadian women. |
| when did racialized women become leaders in the NAC? | 1990s |
| What stifled NACs advocacy work? | budget cuts and backlash against feminism |
| When did abortion become partially legalized in Canada? | 1969 |
| Because there was no legal access to abortions, what were single mothers stigmatized as? | 'bad girls' and 'loose women' |
| What was the purpose of the Abortion Caravan? | to travel and rally support for the full legalization of abortion while warning against the dangers of illegal abortion. |
| What did 35 feminist abortion activists chain themselves to? | chairs |
| What did Roe v. Wade do? | made first-trimester abortions legal. |
| What did the Royal Commission on the Status of Women Report of 1970 do? | documented women's inequality in Canada and offered recommendation for it's eradication. |
| Why does Rich say you should 'claim' your education instead of 'receiving' it? | 'claiming' means to take as the rightful owner whereas 'receiving' means to come into possession, to act as a receptacle or container for something. It is the difference between acting and being acted-upon. |
| What does Rich define as 'responsibility to yourself'? | refusing to let others do your thinking, talking, and naming for you. Also learning to respect and use your own brain and instincts. |
| What are the two parts of Rich's 'contract'? | responsibility to yourself and the right to expect your faculty to take you seriously. |
Created by:
kenni_17