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Limnology final
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Eutrophication | Over-enrichment in water, causes excessive algae and oxygen depletion |
| First limiting factor of biological productivity | Phosphorus |
| Are freshwater fish more or less salty than environment? | More salty |
| Are marine fish more or less salty than environment? | Less salty |
| How do freshwater fishes intake water | Absorbs water through gills and skin by diffusion |
| How do marine fish intake water | Drinks sea water, loses water through their membranes |
| Osmoregulation in freshwater | Body fluids are more concentrated than surrounding water, takes on water and loses valuable salts to environment |
| Osmoregulation in marine | Lower internal salt concentration, loses water through |
| Cons to freshwater osmoregulation | Drinks very little water, produces large amounts of diluted urine |
| Cons to marine osmoregulation | Produces small amounts of very concentrated urine, actively secretes ions at gills, Have fewer and smaller glomeruli |
| Physical pollution | Solid wastes, garbage, etc. |
| Chemical pollution | Fertilizers, oils, etc. |
| Biological pollution | Algae blooms, etc. |
| Bioconcentration | Toxicants increase as it moves up the trophic levels |
| Biomagnification | Larger organisms have larger amounts of toxicants |
| IBI meaning | Index of Biotic Integrity, rates freshwaters using fishes as indicator species |
| Point source | From one place, such as factory pipe |
| Non-point source | broad input of pollutants, such as agricultural runoff from entire drainage |
| Acid rain | Makes the freshwater more basic, due to erosion and weathering |
| Michaelis-Menten | Influence of nutrient concentration on uptake rate |
| Monod | Relationship between external nutrient concentration and growth |
| Droop | Relationship between internal nutrient concentration and growth |
| Nutrient limitation | Control of growth or production by a nutrient |
| Redfield ratio | C:N:P in atoms or moles |
| Chemotaxis | Directed movement of cells/ organisms toward (positive) or away from (negative) a chemical gradient |
| Phototaxis | Movement of an organism toward or away from a light source |
| Magnetotaxis | Movement of an organism along magnetic field lines |
| Density mediated interspecific | Population number changes in one species in response to another |
| Trait mediated interspecific | Traits evolved in response to nonlethal selective pressures associated with the interaction |
| Parasitism | One organism benefits, one is harmed |
| Mutualism | Both organisms are benefitted |
| Commensalism | One organism is helped, one is unaffected |
| Amensalism | One organism is harmed, one is unaffected |
| Type 1 functional response | Predation linearly related to prey density until saturation is reached |
| Type 3 Functional response | At low prey densities few or no prey items taken., Number taken ramps up at intermediate prey densities |
| Where does phosphorus come from | Rock weathering, fertilizer runoff, organic, etc. |
| What is the direct usable form of inorganic phosphorus | Phosphate |
| Estivation | Hibernation in mud |
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