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Chapter 19
Substance Use Disorders
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Characteristics of substance use disorder | -Rationalization -Denial -Projection |
| When does substance use become a disorder? | When their is an ability to stop? |
| What is the treatment goal when dealing with a substance use disorder? | To make relapse occur shorter and fewer in between |
| Addiction | Chronic relapsing disorder that causes functional changes in brain circuits changing the way the brain is shaped. |
| Intoxication | Impairment in mental or physical status |
| Tolerance | The amount of a substance a person consumes to receive a certain desired effect |
| Withdrawal | Physical or psychological features following abrupt discontinuation |
| What kind of substance is alcohol? | CNS Depressant |
| What should you not take alcohol with? | Benzodiazepines Opioids Other CNS Depressants |
| What are the two screening tools for alcohol substance disorder? | CAGE AUDIT-C |
| What are you looking for in the CAGE Assessment ? | C: Concern A: Apparent G: Grave E: Evidence of dependence *Occurence of 2 or more needs to be investigated |
| What are you looking for with AUDIT-C Assessment? | Frequency of drinking that scores up to a 12 |
| A woman at low risk for alcohol substance disorder drinks how much a day? | 1 drink |
| A woman at low risk for alcohol substance disorder drinks how much a week? | No more than 7 |
| A woman at low risk for alcohol substance disorder drinks how much at one time? | No more than 3 with 2 alcohol free days a week |
| A man at low risk for alcohol substance disorder drinks how much a day? | No more than 2 drinks |
| A man at low risk for alcohol substance disorder drinks how much a week? | No more than 14 |
| A man at low risk for alcohol substance disorder drinks how much at one time? | No more than 4 drinks at any one time |
| Alcohol intoxication level? | BAC 0.08 g/dL |
| What is considered binge drinking for a woman? | 4 drinks at one given time |
| What is considered binge drinking for a man? | 5 drinks at one given time |
| What is considered heavy drinking? | 5 or more episodes of binge drinking in 30 days |
| What does alcohol intoxication look like? | - impairment of speech, coordination, fait, concentration, and judgement |
| Alcohol overdose looks like? | -Risk for respiratory failure -Loss of gag reflux -Risk for aspiration -Vomiting -Unconsciousness |
| Treatment for alcohol overdose | - Gastric lavage -Fluid elrctrolyte balance -Vitamins |
| Onset for alcohol withdrawal is? | Can occur hours after last drink |
| Symptoms of alcohol withdrawal? | -Insomnia -Increased BP -Increased Pulse -Anxiety -Tremors -Sweating |
| Medication for treatment of alcohol withdrawal? | -Benzodiazepines -Ativan (Delirium ) |
| Where should alcohol detox occur? | Under medical supervision due to high risk for seizures typically occurring after 72 hours of withdrawal |
| Effects of Hallucinogens? | -profound disturbance of reality -paranoia -depersonalization/ derealization |
| What does hallucinogen intoxication look like? | -impaired judgement -tachycardia -tremors -dilated pupils -N&V |
| What does hallucinogen withdrawal look like? | Doesn't exist although individuals who took LSD may experience flashbacks years later and individuals may voice craving |
| Treatment of hallucinogen? | -Support -Benzodiazepines -Antipsychotics |
| Effects of Opioids? | -Pain reduction -Induces euphoria |
| What does opioid intoxication look like? | -Apathy -Lethargy -impaired judgement -drowsiness -constricted pupils -psychomotor retardation |
| What does opioid overdose look like? | -Coma -Respiratory failure -Unconsciousness -Death |
| Antidote for Opioid | Naloxone (Narcan) |
| Naloxone | Narcan |
| Narcan | Naloxone |
| What does Naloxone (Narcan) do to the body? | Blocks receptors putting the body in full withdrawal |
| What detoxification processes can Naloxone (Narcan) assist with? | Alcohol Opioids |
| What assessment is used for Opioid withdrawal severity? | C.O.W.S |
| C.O.W.S | Clinical Opiate Withdrawal Scale |
| Reversal agent for overdose of sedative/hypnotic/anxiolytic? | Flumazenil |
| Overdose of sedative/hypnotic/ Anxiolytic puts you at risk for? | Fatal respiratory depression |
| What does sedative/hypnotic/ Anxiolytic intoxication look like? | -Similar to alcohol intoxication -nystagmus -Disinhibition |
| Nystagmus | Involuntary rapid , repetitive eye movement that causes blurry vision, potential balance issues |
| Onset for sedative/hypnotic/ Anxiolytic Withdrawal? | 6hr- 1 week |
| What affects sedative/hypnotic/ Anxiolytic onset? | Half life of drug |
| Symptoms of sedative/hypnotic/ Anxiolytic withdrawal? | -Increased BP -Increased pulse -tremors -Anxiety -N&V - psychomotor retardation -agitation |
| How should you detox a sedative/hypnotic/ Anxiolytic? | Taper off |
| Abrupt cessation of benzodiazepines looks like? | Flu Like symptoms Anxiety Seizures |
| Abrupt cessation of Barabitrates? | Can be fatal |
| What does stimulants do to the brain? | Increases dopamine in the brain |
| What substance is the hardest to stop use of? | Stimulants |
| Examples of stimulants? | Crack, meth , cocaine, ADHD Medication |
| What are the affects of stimulants? | -Euphoria -Alertness -High energy |
| What are adverse effects of stimulants? | -hypervigilance -anxiety -insomnia -irritability |
| Long term concerns of stimulant use | -Malnutrition -Thought disturbance -Dental problems -Increased Heart Rate |
| Overdose of stimulant looks like? | -Cardiac Arrest -Cardiac arrhythmias -respiratory depression -seizures -psychosis -vomiting -BP Alterations |
| Withdrawal symptoms of Stimulants? | -Crash -Sleep several days |
| Medical interventions for stimulant withdrawal? | None needed |
| Effects of cannabis | -Affects memory, attention, coordination, and reaction time |
| What does cannabis intoxication look like? | - Euphoria -Relaxation -Food craving -Time distortion |
| Adverse effects of cannabis? | -Paranoia -Depersonalization/ derealization -Cough/respiratory problems |
| What does cannabis withdrawal look like? | -Irritability -anxiety -restlessness |
Created by:
kyebula