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Final unit goverment

Unit 12

QuestionAnswer
11th Amendment You can’t sue a state in federal court without its permission.
12th Amendment Changes how the President and Vice President are elected (they run together as a team).
13th Amendment Ends slavery in the United States.
14th Amendment Gives citizenship to anyone born in the U.S. and guarantees equal protection under the law.
15th Amendment You can’t be denied the right to vote because of race.
16th Amendment Allows the federal government to collect income taxes.
17th Amendment Senators are elected directly by the people (not chosen by state legislatures).
18th Amendment Banned alcohol (Prohibition).
19th Amendment Gave women the right to vote.
20th Amendment Sets dates for when presidents and Congress take office.
21st Amendment Repealed (ended) Prohibition, making alcohol legal again.
22nd Amendment Limits the president to two terms.
23rd Amendment Gives Washington, D.C. the right to vote in presidential elections.
24th Amendment Banned poll taxes (you don’t have to pay to vote).
25th Amendment Explains what happens if the president dies or can’t do the job.
26th Amendment Lowered the voting age to 18.
27th Amendment Congress can’t give itself a pay raise until after the next election.
Civil Rights vs. Civil Liberties (rights) Civil Rights: Protect people from unfair treatment (like discrimination).
Civil Rights vs. Civil Liberties (Liberties) Civil Liberties: Basic freedoms (speech, religion, etc.) protected from government interference.
Due Process The government must follow fair rules and laws before punishing someone.
Due Process Amendments Mainly the 5th and 14th Amendments—both guarantee due process at federal and state levels.
Establishment Clause Government can’t create or favor a religion.
Free Exercise Clause People can practice any religion they want.
Sedition Speech or actions that encourage rebellion against the government.
Libel Writing false statements that harm someone’s reputation.
Seditious Speech Speech that tries to overthrow or weaken the government.
Prior Restraint Government stopping speech before it happens (usually not allowed).
Symbolic Speech Expressing ideas through actions (like wearing an armband).
Substantive Due Process Protects basic rights (like privacy), even if not clearly written in the Constitution.
Procedural Due Process Government must follow fair steps (like trials and hearings).
Police Power State’s authority to make laws to protect health, safety, and welfare.
Search Warrant A legal paper allowing police to search property.
Probable Cause Reasonable belief that a crime was committed.
Reasonable Suspicion Lower standard than probable cause; allows brief stops (like stop-and-frisk).
Exclusionary Rule Illegal evidence can’t be used in court.
Writ of Habeas Corpus You can’t be held in jail without being charged or brought to court.
Bill of Attainder A law that punishes someone without a trial (not allowed).
Ex Post Facto Law A law that punishes actions that were legal when done (not allowed).
Double Jeopardy You can’t be tried twice for the same crime.
Bail Money paid to get out of jail while waiting for trial.
Capital Punishment Death penalty for serious crimes.
Treason Betraying your country (like helping enemies in war).
Affirmative Action Policies that try to improve opportunities for historically discriminated groups.
Jus Soli Citizenship by being born in a country.
Jus Sanguinis Citizenship through your parents.
Gideon v. Wainwright You have the right to a lawyer, even if you can’t afford one.
Miranda v. Arizona Police must inform you of your rights (“you have the right to remain silent”).
Texas v. Johnson Flag burning is protected free speech.
Created by: Studyingyaknow
 

 



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