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anat. final answers
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| what do the following hormones have in common? growth hormone, thyroid stimulating hormone, adrenocortropic hormone, follicle stimulating hormone | they are all adenohypophyseal hormones |
| where are most of the substances that are required for chemical activity in the small intestines imported from? | liver and pancreas |
| which of the following is a major target of growth hormone? | answers b and d (bones and skeletal muscles) |
| this cell forms platelets in the red bone marrow | megakaryocyte |
| during the recycling of components following the normal destruction of erythrocytes, globin is broken down, and its components are | used to synthesize new proteins |
| an aerobic process requires | oxygen |
| what is the definition of residual volume? | amount of air remaining in lungs after a forced exhalation |
| what is the name of the endocrine organ that releases melatonin into the blood in response to a rise or fall in the diurnal (day or night) cycle | pineal gland |
| blood from the systemic circuit returns to the right atrium through | all of the above (the superior vena cava, inferior vena cava, the coronary sinus) |
| the ____ carries blood throughout the body; the _____ carries blood to lungs | systemic circuit, pulmonary circuit |
| aerobic cellular respiration generates about ____ ATP | 32 |
| what must pyruvate be converted to before it can enter the Citric Acid Cycle | ethyl alcohol |
| the epicardium is also called the | visceral layer of the serous pericardium |
| the inferior, conical end of the heart is called the | apex |
| a product of glycolysis is | pyruvate |
| which of the following cells are responsible for producing pepsinogen? | chief cells |
| the products of cellular respiration include ____ | water and carbon dioxide |
| chyme is the fatty lymph that is delivered to the blood through the lymphatic system | false |
| what controls the entry of bile and pancreatic juice into the duodenum? | main pancreatic duct at hepatopancreatic ampulla |
| which structures prevent the AV valves from everting and flipping into the atria when the ventricles contract? | chordae tendineae and papillary muscles |
| as the final step in the maturation process, ___ lose their remaining ribosomes to become erythrocytes | reticulocytes |
| which of the following pairs of hormones are released by the posterior pituitary gland? | oxytocin and antidiuretic hormone |
| hyposecretion of growth hormone could result in gigantism in children | false |
| which antibody is used as the B cell receptor for antigens? | lgM |
| the process by which haploid spermatozoa develop from germ cells in the seminiferous tubules of the tests is called spermatogenesis? | true |
| the epithelial lining inside each seminiferous tubule is called the germinal | true |
| arrange these components of the hearts conduction system in their sequence of activity beginning with the pacemaker (1) purkinje fibers (2) AV node (3) SA node (4) AV bundle | 3, 2, 4, 1 |
| how is blood prevented from flowing into the right ventricle from the pulmonary trunk? | closing of the semilunar valve |
| which of the following terms best describes the interactions of insulin and glucagon? | antagonistic |
| which of the following is not associated with lymphoid tissue? | all of the above are associated with lymphoid tissue |
| all of the following are true of the left ventricle except | receives deoxygenated venous blood from the left atrium |
| T cells are | made in the bone but mature in the thymus |
| storage and mechanical breakdown of food occur in the stomach. Which of he following does not occur in the stomach? | it is the first site where chemical digestion of starch takes place |
| which of the following is not a formed element of blood? | all of the above are formed elements (lymphocytes, neutrophils, erythrocytes, platelets) |
| penetration of the sperm into the ovum's corpus luteum stiffens it and precents other sperms from entering the ovum | false |
| the ability of a specific tissue or organ to respond to the presence of a hormone is dependent on which of the following? | the presence of appropriate receptors on the cells of the target tissue or organ |
| surfactant is a detergent-like complex of lipids and proteins by simple squamus epithelial cells of the lungs | false |
| the primordial follicle is comprised of the primary oocyte and covered by squamus granulosa cells | true |
| which of the following would not be found in blood plasma? | all of the above could be found in blood plasma (glucose, carbon dioxide, cations, albumen) |
| the electron transport chain takes place in the ____ | mitochondria |
| muscle impulses are spread rapidly between cardiac muscle fibers by | intercalated discs |
| there are 3 phases of gastric secretion. Which of the following describes when the cephalic phase occurs? | before food enters the stomach and is triggered by the aroma, sight, or thought of food |
| where in the cell does glycolysis occur? | cytoplasm |
| the irregular muscular ridges in the ventricular walls are the _____ | trabeculae carnae |
| which of the following produce intrinsic factor? | parietal cells |
| what is the phenomenon whereby white blood cells follow the chemical trail of molecules released by damaged cells allowing them to pinpoint and gather in large numbers at tissue injury? | chemotaxis |
| the final electron acceptor of aerobic respiration is ___ Hint: where are electrons finally going to in the electron transport chain? | oxygen |
| spermiogenesis is the process where spermatids differentiate into elongated and tadpole-like sperms | true |
| what are cytokines? | chemicals that regulate the immune system |
| which of the following is not a function of saliva? | moistens food and aids in compacting it into a bolus???? |
| which of the following maintains the patency (openness) of the trachea? | cartilage rings |
| glycosuria, high blood glucose, and impaired glucose utilization are symptomatic of the hyposecretion of which hormone? | insulin |
| once an individual becomes exposed to a pathogen, the body's immune system responds faster against a second exposure to the same pathogen. Why does this occur? | specific antigens corresponding to the pathogens antigen are quicky produced |
| which of the following is not true about the nose? | it is the beginning site for gas exchange |
| although different in many ways, the endocrine and nervous system often work together to bring about | homeostasis |
| oxygen attaches to a(n) ___ ion in hemoglobin | iron |
| which of the following are antigen presenting cells (APC's) | all of the above (macrophages, dendritic cells, B-cells) |
| what is the name of the polypeptide hormone produced by the parafollicular cells of the thyroid gland that targets the skeleton and inhibits osteoclast activity? | calcitonin |
| retention of both water and sodium from the kidney occurs as a result of the release of | aldosterone |
| what is the major stimulus for gall bladder contraction? | cholecystokinin |
| the heme groups from old erythrocytes are stripped of their iron and eventually recycled into a substance that helps to | emulsify fats in the digestive tract |
| which type of antigen-presented molecule is found on the cells of your body (cells having a nucleus) | MHC I |
| maternal immunity to some antigens may be conveyed to the fetus. This is an example of | natural passive immunity |
| lymph always flows away from the heart | false |
| hypoxia dosen't directly activate bone marrow production of erythrocytes, but rather, it stimulates the kidneys to provide hormonal stimulus to then activate bone marrow | true |
| the two gonadotropic hormones, LH and FSH, stimulate the development of primary follicles | true |
| which of the following vitamins require intrinsic factor in order to be absorbed? | vitamin b-12 |
| what is responsible for preventing excessive stretching of the lungs? | Herring-Breuer reflex |
| insulin is a 51 amino acid protein and consists of 2 amino acid chains linked by a bond. Which of the following best describes when this hormone is released? | when the body's glucose levels rise |
| from the right atrium, blood passes through the right AV (tricuspid) valve into the | right ventricle |
| which of the following is NOT a direct function of antibodies? | cytotoxic T cell destruction |
| a patient asks you about the fate of used-up red blood cells. you explain that erythrocytes have a lifespan of about 100-120 days and that after that, all of the following occur except: | they become trapped in the liver, which is the RBC graveyard , where the heme and globin portion of the hemoglobin are reunited |
| glucose molecules provide energy to power the swimming motion of sperm. In this example, the sperm are changing ____ | chemical energy into kinetic energy |
| what is the chief problem with the condition known as pernicious anemia? | most cases are due to a lack of intrinsic factor leading to a deficiency of vitamin B-12 |
| which type of immunoglobulin molecule is passed on to nursing infants in breast milk? | lgA |
| glucagon's major effect on the body is to lower blood sugar levels | false |
| peristaltic waves are waves of muscular contraction that propel contents from one point to another | true |
| which of these equations describes aerobic cellular respiration? | glucose -> oxygen -> carbon dioxide +water + energy |
| when lgG and lgM antibodies bind to their respective antigens, they change their 3 dimensional shape allowing the activation of the complement pathway | true |
| which of the following is not true concerning glucagon? | converts glucose to fat |
| which of the following is not a function of the spleen? | attacks target cells' membranes that kill cancer cells |
| in the small intestine, the plicae ciculares and villi provide | increased surface area for the absorption of nutrient molecules |
| sperm are first produced inside the epididymis and then they mature into blank tubules | false |
| what are the molecules on the surface of pathogens that act as the blank immune system to determine if a cell is foreign in the body? | antigens |
| the only stomach function essential for life is the absorption of fat soluble | false |
| which type of antigen-presenting molecule is found only on antigen | MHC II |
| which of the following is a function of the lymphatic system? | transport of excess tissue fluid to the blood vascular system |
| what initiates the defecation reflex? | stretching of the rectal wall |
| the two main male germ cell types contained within the germinal epithelium are the Sertoli cells and the granulosa cells | false |
| oxytocin is a strong stimulant of uterine contractions | true |
| which of the following is the correct sequence of stages in cellular respiration (from left to right) | glycolysis, citric acid cycle, electron transport chain |
| which of the following is not a characteristic of a mature erythrocyte? | its usual life span is about 12 months |
| simply put, circulation of lymph through a lymph node is slowed due to the fact that there are more afferent vessels entering the nodes than efferent vessels leaving the nodes? | true |
| bile salts are derivatives of cholesterol | true |
Created by:
emma.thornton