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Microbio L20
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Why are UTIS more common in female | Shorter urethra Urethra physically closer to anus |
| Lower UTIs | less severe Urethritis and cystitis |
| Upper UTIs | more sever Ureteritis and pyelonephritis Spread to blood Renal failure |
| UTI symptoms | frequent/urgent urination, dysuria, blood/pus in urine (cloudy) |
| Uncomplicated UTIs | occur in otherwise healthy person |
| Complicated UTI | occur in patients with a weak/obstructed bladder OR in catheterized patients Bacteria form biofilms in plastics/metals easier |
| Most common cause of UTIs | Most common cause is bacteria!!! Spread from enteric (GI) bacteria from anus Very common is uropathogenic E. coli |
| UTI testing is done with a | dipstick test, which catches urine mid stream (to avoid contamination) |
| Does blood from mother and fetus mix? | NO Makes it hard for things to cross the placenta |
| TORCH pathogens | Pathogens that can pass the placenta barrier |
| TORCH stands for | Toxoplasma Other Rubella Cytomegalovirus Herpes Other= HIV, syphilis, listeria, VZV, zika |
| STI Refers to | Sexually transmitted infection Refers to the mode of transmission NOT what tissue is infected |
| ***Some STIs infect the reproductive tract, some don’t Ex: HIV, hepatitis viruses | |
| Viral Reproductive Infections (2) | 1. Genital herpes 2. HPV |
| Genital herpes skin lesion | Clear pustules on red macular base |
| Genital herpes goes | Latent in PNS reactivated by stress hormones |
| Genital herpes treatment | Treated with antivirals |
| What does HPV do? | Dysregulate cell growth |
| HPV symptoms How to find it too | Genital warts, cervical cancers Pap smear to detect cervical cancer cells |
| HPV treatment | Vaccines! (gardasil) |
| Bacterial Reproductive Infections | 1. Vaginosis 2. Chlamydia 3. Gonorrhea 4. Syphilis |
| Vaginosis | Overgrowth of bacterial microbiota in vagina (dysbiosis) Caused by LOSS of lactobacilli So, not transferable |
| Vaginosis Symptoms | foul/excessive secretions |
| Need 3 of 4 Amsel’s criteria | 1. Grey-white discharge 2. pH above 4.5 3. Clue cells 4. Positive whiff test |
| What does Lactobacillus do | Lactobacillus species acidify the vagina, limit growth of other species |
| Microbiome is critical in women!!!!!! | |
| Chlamydia male symptoms | painful urination, burning penis, testicular swelling STI |
| Chlamydia femlae symptoms | bleeding, painful urination, odor, itching, fever STI |
| Chlamydia treatment | Easy to treat with antibiotics, little resistance unlike gonorrhea... |
| Gonorrhea | STI, mostly asymptomatic |
| Gonorrhea symptoms | Symptoms indistinguishable from chlamydia (same as chlamydia then) |
| Do you test for just gonorrhea, or just chlamydia? | TEST FOR BOTH ALWAYS, never one or the other |
| **Chlamydia is self limit, but gonorrhea can cause blindness Newborns are given eyedrops | |
| PID (Pelvic Inflammatory disorder) | Inflammation of female RS Chronic pain, infertility, ectopic pregnancy |
| Syphilis | STI, common in MSM Mostly spread from men who have sex with men |
| Syphilis treatment | Easily treatable with penicillin |
| Stages of infections/symptoms | 1. Muscles aches, fever, chancre at infection site 2. Disseminated, rash on skin 3. Heart/CNS damage, skin/bone lesions, fatal if untreated |
| Syphilis can spread to newborns | |
| Vaginal candidiases | Normal in microbiome Rarely, can occur in males As pH increases, yeast change shape, cause vaginitis Can also cause female UTI |
| Vaginal candidiases is caused by | Triggered by loss of lactobacilli! |
| Vaginal candidiases symptoms | itching, thick discharge, burning sensation |
| Vaginal candidiases treatment | antifungals |
Created by:
liladdoyle