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ETHICS - L6
UTILITARIANISM
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| An ethical theory that argues for the goodness of pleasure and the determination of right behavior based on the usefulness of the actions consequences | UTILITARIANISM |
| An action that brings about more benefit than harm is good, while an action that causes more harm than benefit is not | UTILITARIANISM |
| HE PRINCIPLE OF UTILITY | JEREMY BENTHAM |
| Our actions are governed by two “sovereign masters”--which he calls pleasure and pain. These “masters” are given to us by nature to help us determine what is good or bad and what ought to be done and not; they fasten our choices to their throne. | JEREMY BENTHAM |
| common currency framework that calculates the pleasure that some actions can produce. | FELICIFIC CALCULUS |
| Critics called it as Pig Philosophy. Suggesting that Bentham’s logic would promote conspicuousness, allowing people to chase base pleasures in everyday life. | JOHN STUART MIL (ELITE UTILITARIANISM) |
| JUSTICE DEFINED | justice comes from the Latin word ‘jus’ to mean ‘right’ |
| refers to ‘equals must be treated equally and unequals must be treated unequally’ | Justice |
| TYPES OF JUSTICE | DISTRIBUTIVE JUSTICE CRIMINAL JUSTICE RECTIFICATORY JUSTICE |
| It refers to fair, equitable, and appropriate distribution or responsibilities or share or rights and roles, resources and privileges | DISTRIBUTIVE JUSTICE |
| Refers to the infliction of punishment or penalty proportionate to the crime committed. In other words, no exemption in the merited penalty. | CRIMINAL JUSTICE |
| Refers to just compensation for transactional problems such as breaches of contract and practice based on civil law. Rectify the person who did not observe his/her word of honor. | RECTIFICATORY JUSTICE |
| Justice as the equal distribution of good and services (John Rawls). Egalitarians argued that justice means is essentially considered what is due is what is fair, equal, or perhaps fairness | EGALITARIAN |
| Justice as the lack of restraints on individual liberty believed that individual have rights, such as right to liberty, life, property which those individual are entitled to enjoy as it does not interfere into the rights of others | LIBERTARIAN |
| Eating, Drinking, Sex, etc. | Lower Pleasures |
| Intellectuality, Creativity and Spirituality | Higher Pleasures |
| Length of experience Pleasure | duration |
| The pleasure will occur | Certainty |
| How soon there will be pleasure | Propinquity |
| Followed by sensations | Fecundity |
| Not followed by sensations | Purity |
| Numbers of person affected in pleasure | Extent |
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