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Stack #4677033
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is MSW (Municipal Solid Waste | Solid waste from cities (households, businesses, schools, etc. AKA. Trash, Litter, garbage |
| What is waste stream | flow of solid waste to recycling centers, landfills, or trash incineration (burning) facilities |
| What is E-Waste | Old computers, TVs, phones, tablets |
| WHy is E-Waste considered hazadorous | considered hazardous waste due to metals like cadmium, lead, mercury, and PBDEs (fireproof chemicals) |
| WHy should E-waste not be thrown awaywith regular MSW | Can leach endocrine disrupting chemicals out of landfills if thrown away with regular MSW (should be disposed of at special facilities that recycle parts) |
| Soild Waste Most Common Types | 1. Paper 2. Food 3. Yard Trimmings 4. Plastucs 5. Mteals 6. Rubber 7. WOod 8. Glass 9. Other |
| What are sanitary landfills | where developed nations dispose of trash; different than “dumps” |
| What ae the four features of landfills | Clay/plastic bottom liner, leachate collection system, methane recovery system, clay cap |
| Clay/Plastic Botoom liner | layer of clay/plastic on the bottom of a hole in the ground; prevents* pollutants from leaking out into soil/groundwater |
| Leachate collection system | System of tubes/pipes at bottom to collect leachate (water draining through waste & carrying pollutants) for treatment & disposal |
| Methane Recovery SYstem | System of tubes/pipes to collect that methane produced by anaerobic decomposition in the landfill Methane can be used to generate electricity or heat buildings |
| Clay-Cap | Clay-soil mixture used to cover the landfill once it’s full; keeps out animals, keeps in smell, and allows vegetation to regrow |
| WHat type of rate of decomposition does landfills have and why? | Landfills generally have very low rates of decomposition due to low O2, moisture, and organic material combination |
| What are things that shouldn't be landfilled | Hazardous waste (antifreeze, motor oil, cleaners, electronics, car batteries) Metals like copper & aluminum (should be recycled) Old tires; often left in large piles that hold standing water ideal for mosquito breeding |
| WHat are things that should be landfilled | Cardboard/food wrappers that have too much food residue & can’t be recycled Rubber, plastic films/wraps Styrofoam Food, yard waste, and paper can and do go in landfills, but should be recycled or composted |
| WHat are enviornemntal issues of landfills | - Groundwater can be contaminated with heavy metals (lead, mercury), acids, medications, and bacteria if leachate leaks through lining into soil/groundwater beneath - CO2+CH4 are released from landfills due to decomposition |
| WHat is another Porblem with landfills (aside from environmental concerns) | Not In My Back Yard) = idea that communities don’t want landfills near them for a number of reasons - Smell & sight -Landfills can attract animals (rats, crows) -Groundwater contamination concerns |
| Where are landfills typically placed and why | placed near low-income or minority communities that don’t have the resources or political power to fight against these decisions |
| WHat are the pros and cons of waste incineration | Pros: Reduces volume by 90% can generate elec. Cons: releases CO2 and air pollutants (PM, SOx, NOx) Bottom ash contains toxic metals (lead, mercury, cadmium), stored in ash ponds Toxic metals can leach out of storage ponds/release into atmo. |
| Where does illegal ocean dumping occur | Illegal ocean dumping occurs in some countries with few environmental regulations or lack of enforcement |
| WHat are the issues associated with illegal ocean dumping | Plastic especially collects into large floating garbage patches in the ocean - Can suffocate animals if they ingest (eat) it or entangle them so they can’t fly or swim and may starve |
| What is the most sustainable of the three R's and why | Reducing because it decreases natural resources harvesting and the energy inputs to creating, packaging, and shipping goods |
| WHat are examples of reducing | Metal/reusable water bottle to reduce plastic use Riding bike or walking to reduce gasoline use |
| Why is reusing the next sustainable and what are examples of it | the next most sustainable b/c it doesn’t require additional energy to create a product Ex: Buying second hand clothes, using old wood pallets for furniture, washing plastic takeout food containers and reusing |
| WHat is recycling and what are examaples | processing and converting solid waste material into new products Ex: Glass being turned into glass again (closed-loop), plastic water bottles being turned into fabric for clothes/jackets (open loop) |
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