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Court cases and Docs
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Lopez v United States | Commerce clause. The gov. tried to argue that posession of arm in school affected interstate commerce. Ruled in favor of Lopez due to it not affecting commerce substantially. |
| McCullouch v Maryland | Elastic and Supremacy clause. US can make a national bank and states cant tax bank |
| Engel v Vitale | Establishment Clause. Outlawed state sancitoned school prayer |
| Wisconsin v Yoder | Freedom of religion. Compulsory schooling isn't necessary for amish children past 8th grade |
| Tinker v DesMoines | Free speech. Symbolic speech thru armbands at school led to students being suspended. Freedom of speech doesn't end at school as long as its not obstructive to education |
| NY times v US | No right to prior restraint. NY times wanted to release pentagon papers and US gov didnt want them to. Supreme court sided with NY Times |
| Schenck v US | Clear and Present Danger test. Freedom of speech doesn't protect illegal acts (schenck was promoting avoiding the draft) |
| Gideon v Wainwright | right to an attorney (incorporated to all states, states must pay for public defender) |
| McDonald v Chicago | right to bear arms (incorporated into all states) |
| Brown v Board of Education | 14th amendment equal protection, "separate but equal is inherently unequal" |
| Citizens United v FEC | freedom of speech, citizens can donate as much as they want to corporations (soft money donations cant be banned) |
| Baker v Carr | "one man one vote" gerrymandering is legal as long as districts are proportional |
| Shaw v Reno | Gerrymandering is allowed but NOT based on rac eonly |
| Roe v Wade | abortion is legla in all states up to the first trimester (overturned) |
| Marbury v Madison | established judicial review |
| Federalist 10 | Factions - no faciton will ever dominate because of pluralism |
| Fed 51 | checks and balances, separation of power |
| Fed 70 | Argues for one strogn executive leader - provides accountability and someone who can act quickly |
| Fed 78 | argues for supreme court - has neither the power of the purse or the sword (weakest branch, cant enforce laws). Life terms makes them less political |
| Brutus 1 | argues for a weak central gov, dislikes the elastic clause as it threatens state power |
| Declaration of Independence | establishes idea of self gov. , life liberty, and popular sovereignty; final parts way w colonial Britain |
| Articles of Confederation | Bulk of power given to the states, national gov was too weak to raise an army (Shay's rebellion). |
| Letter from Birmingham Jail | Injustice anywhere is a threat to justice everywhere, advocates for direct action and states people have a moral obligation to break unjust laws. |
| 15th amendment | gave suffrage to all males of age regardless of race |
| 16th amendment | established Fed income tax |
| 17th amendment | established pop. vote for Senate |
| 18th amendment | Prohibiton |
| 19th amendment | Suffrage to all people regarless of gender |
| 20th amendment | moved inaguration date for pres. to January 20th |
| 21st amendment | ended prohibition |
| 22nd amendment | Term limits for president |
| 23rd amendment | gave D.C. electoral votes |
| 24th amendment | ended Poll Tax |
| 25th amendment | talks about disability for president |
| 26th amendment | right to vote for citizens 18 and older |
| 27th amendment | legislators cannot give themselves pay raises in an eleciton year |
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