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HBS #10
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What are the major functions of the urinary system? | Elimination of waste products and regulate aspects of homeostasis. |
| What are the major organs of the urinary system? | Kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, and urethra. |
| What is the location of the kidneys in the body? | Located against the back of the body wall, goes from the T12 to L3 vertebrae, and the right kidney is slightly lower than the left (due to liver). |
| What does a nephron do? | They filter the blood and return needed substance back to the blood, and remove waste. |
| What are the simple stats about the urinary system? | 180 liters of blood plasma go through the kidneys in 24 hours, around 99% of blood plasma is reabsorbed, and 1.8 liters of urine is produced per 24 hours. |
| Why is the urine yellow? | When the body replaces old blood cells, it creates bilirubin, and this substance is broken down in urobilinogen and taken to the kidneys which turn that into urachrome (also called urobilin) which is what turns urine yellow. |
| What are the three processes of urine formation and where do they occur? | The processes are filtration, reabsorption, and secretion. Filtration occurs in the glomerulus, Rebsorption is mostly in the proximal tubule, and secretion occurs mostly in the collecting tubules. |
| What is chronic kidney disease and what are some of the causes of it? | When the kidneys don't work properly and are beginning to lose their function. High blood pressure and diabetes are two common causes. |
| What is polycystic kidney disease and what can happen if you have it? | When clusters of cysts grow in the kidneys and over time the cysts make the kidney's bigger and stop working. |
| What does it mean if you have glucose in your urine? | You have too much glucose in the blood, which is a sign of diabetes. |
| What does it mean if you have protein in your urine? | It is a sign of kidney disease or another disease that has damaged the kidneys. |
| What does it mean if you have ketones in your urine? | |
| What is incontinence? | It is the loss of bladder control. |
| What is urinary rentention? | When you are unable to empty all the urine in the bladder. It comes out in a dribble. Due to prostate problems. |
| How does the urinary system change as you age? | The bladder shrinks and loses bladder tone. |
| What is urgency? | Comes with age, make you feel like you need to go. |
| What is frequency? | Comes with age, feels like you need to go more often. |
| What is nocturia? | Comes with age, need to get up during the night to urinate. |
| What is it called when ADH (a hormone that causes kidneys to release less water) is not released because of pituitary problems? | Central diabetes insipidus. |
| What would happen to the specific gravity of urine if you have less water intake? | Drinking less water would produce concentrated urine to conserve fluid. Low specific gravity, more water, High specific gravity, less water. |
| What are the afferent arterioles and the efferent arterioles? | Afferent arterioles deliver blood to the glomerulus, and efferent arterioles carry blood away from the glomerulus |
| What does it mean if you have white blood cells in your urine? | You have an infection / UTI |
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