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study guide 3

urinary 1

QuestionAnswer
glomerulus A tuft/network of high-pressure capillaries nestled inside Bowman's capsule. Site of filtration.
Bowman's Capsule Cup-shaped structure surrounding the glomerulus. Collects filtrate from the blood.
Renal Corpuscle The glomerulus + Bowman's capsule together = the filtration unit of the nephron.
GFR (Glomerular Filtration Rate) The volume of filtrate produced by the kidneys per minute. Normal = 125 mL/min. Drops when blood pressure drops.
Filtration Movement of water and dissolved substances FROM glomerular blood INTO Bowman's capsule, driven by blood pressure.
Reabsorption Movement of substances FROM the tubule lumen BACK INTO peritubular capillary blood. Recovers ~99% of filtrate.
Secretion (renal) Movement of substances FROM peritubular capillary blood INTO the tubule lumen. Removes H+, K+, drugs not filtered.
ADH (Antidiuretic Hormone) Released by POSTERIOR PITUITARY. Increases water reabsorption in collecting ducts → produces concentrated, low-volume urine.
Aldosterone Released by ADRENAL CORTEX. Increases Na+ reabsorption in DCT/CD → water follows → less urine, higher BP.
ANH (Atrial Natriuretic Hormone) Released by HEART'S ATRIAL WALL when BP is HIGH. Increases Na+ secretion → more water lost → more urine, lower BP.
Anuria Anuria Absence of urine production. Bladder near empty. Kidneys not making urine.
Oliguria Reduced urine output < 30 mL/hr or < 400 mL/day. Report immediately.
Polyuria Excessive urine output > 2,500 mL/day. Seen in diabetes mellitus, DI.
Urinary Retention Kidneys making urine, bladder is FULL, but patient CANNOT void.
Urinary Suppression Urinary Suppression Kidneys NOT making urine. Bladder is near EMPTY.
Urinary Incontinence Involuntary loss of urine.
Micturition The act of urinating / voiding.
Detrusor Muscle The smooth muscle in the urinary bladder wall. Contracts during urination.
Glucosuria Glucose in the urine. Occurs when blood glucose exceeds the renal threshold (~180 mg/dL). Indicates diabetes mellitus.
Pyuria White blood cells (WBCs) in the urine. Indicates infection (UTI, pyelonephritis).
Hematuria Blood / red blood cells in the urine.
Retroperitoneal Located behind (posterior to) the peritoneum. The kidneys are retroperitoneal.
Renin Enzyme secreted by the kidneys in response to low blood pressure. Activates the RAAS → raises blood pressure.
Erythropoietin (EPO) Hormone secreted by the kidneys in response to low oxygen. Stimulates RBC production in bone marrow.
Created by: b.marshall
 

 



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