Save
Upgrade to remove ads
Busy. Please wait.
Log in with Clever
or
show password
Forgot Password?
Don't have an account?  Sign up 
Sign up using Clever
or
Username is available taken
show password


Make sure to remember your password. If you forget it there is no way for StudyStack to send you a reset link. You would need to create a new account. Your email address is only used to allow you to reset your password. See our Privacy Policy and Terms of Service.

Already a StudyStack user? Log In

Reset Password
Enter the associated with your account, and we'll email you a link to reset your password.
focusNode
Didn't know it?
click below
 
Knew it?
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
0:00
edit
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.

  Normal Size     Small Size show me how

BIO 1802 Exam 4, #4

Chapter 52 – Community Ecology

QuestionAnswer
Define a biological community. All the populations of different species that interact in a specific area.
Define a niche. The range of resources a species can use and the range of conditions it can tolerate.
What are the three key themes of species interactions? They affect distribution/abundance, cause natural selection (coevolution), and are dynamic over time.
Describe Commensalism (+/0). An interaction where one species benefits and the other is unaffected (e.g., orchids on trees).
Describe Competition (-/-). An interaction where both species have a fitness cost due to using the same limited resources.
Describe Consumption (+/-). An interaction where one organism (consumer) eats another (victim), including predation, herbivory, and parasitism.
Describe Mutualism (+/+). An interaction where both species benefit (e.g., pollinators and flowers).
What is the Competitive Exclusion Principle? Two species with identical niches cannot coexist in the same place indefinitely.
Contrast a fundamental niche and a realized niche. Fundamental is the full range of conditions a species can tolerate; Realized is the actual range it occupies when limited by competition.
What is niche differentiation (resource partitioning)? Evolutionary change in resource use caused by competition that allows species to coexist.
Define character displacement. An evolutionary change that occurs when traits of similar species diverge to reduce competition (e.g., Galapagos finch beak sizes).
Distinguish between constitutive and inducible defenses. Constitutive defenses are always present (e.g., thorns, shells); inducible defenses are produced only in response to a consumer (e.g., thicker mussel shells).
Describe Batesian mimicry. A harmless species resembles a dangerous one (e.g., hoverfly resembling a wasp).
Describe Müllerian mimicry. Two or more dangerous species resemble each other, reinforcing predator avoidance (e.g., paper wasp and bumblebee).
What is a coevolutionary arms race? A repeating cycle of reciprocal adaptation between consumers and victims (e.g., Monarchs and toxic milkweed).
What is a lichen? A mutualistic symbiosis between a fungus and an alga or cyanobacteria.
Contrast bottom-up and top-down control of communities. Bottom-up control is driven by nutrients and primary producers; top-down control is driven by predators.
What is a trophic cascade? A top-down effect where changes in a top predator's population cause a "ripple effect" down the food web (e.g., wolves in Yellowstone).
What is an ecosystem engineer? A species that creates or significantly modifies physical habitat (e.g., beavers, corals).
Define species richness. The total number of different species present in a community.
Define species diversity. A measure that combines both the number of species (richness) and their relative abundance (evenness).
What is the global pattern for species richness? Richness is generally highest in the tropics (near the equator) and decreases toward the poles.
Define primary succession. Community development on newly exposed land with no soil (e.g., after a glacier retreats).
Define secondary succession. Community development in an area where soil is present but a disturbance (like fire) removed previous vegetation.
What are parasitoids? Insects that lay eggs in a host; the larvae hatch and consume the host from the inside, eventually killing it.
Contrast endoparasites and ectoparasites. Endoparasites live inside the host (e.g., tapeworms); ectoparasites live on the outside (e.g., ticks).
Created by: bbrdd
 

 



Voices

Use these flashcards to help memorize information. Look at the large card and try to recall what is on the other side. Then click the card to flip it. If you knew the answer, click the green Know box. Otherwise, click the red Don't know box.

When you've placed seven or more cards in the Don't know box, click "retry" to try those cards again.

If you've accidentally put the card in the wrong box, just click on the card to take it out of the box.

You can also use your keyboard to move the cards as follows:

If you are logged in to your account, this website will remember which cards you know and don't know so that they are in the same box the next time you log in.

When you need a break, try one of the other activities listed below the flashcards like Matching, Snowman, or Hungry Bug. Although it may feel like you're playing a game, your brain is still making more connections with the information to help you out.

To see how well you know the information, try the Quiz or Test activity.

Pass complete!
"Know" box contains:
Time elapsed:
Retries:
restart all cards