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immunoserology

QuestionAnswer
lock & key concept antigenic epitope nestles in a cleft formaed by the combining site of the Fab portion of the Ab
Non-Covalent bond bonds that hold the antigen to antibody. (weak) multiple
affinity initial force of attraction that exists between a single Fab site on an antibody molecule & single epitope or determinant site on the corresponding antigen
Kd dissociation constant
Keq equilibriam constant
avidity sum of all the attractive forces between an antigen & antibody
what is avidity influenced by? valence of antibody and valence of antigen
cross reactivity antibodies capable of reacting with antigens that are structurally similar to the original antigen that induced antibody production
antigen-antibody ratio ratio between the antigen and antibody influences the detection of Ag-Ab complexes because of the complexes formed is related to the concentration of the antigen and antibody
Prozone Phenomenoan Excess of Antibody
Postzone Phenomenon Antigen excess
Precipitation Involves combination of soluble antigen with soluble antibody to produce insoluble complexes that are visible
Agglutination The process by which particulate antigens, such as cells, aggregate to form larger complexes when a specific antibody is present
Precipitation Requirements Both antigen and antibody must have multiple binding sites for one another Relative concentrations of antigen and antibody must be equal
Types of Precipitation Reactions Turbidimetry Nephelometry Radial Immunodiffusion Immunoelectrophoresis
Turbidimetry is followed by precipitation. is the measure of cloudiness of a solution
Nephelometry Measures light scatter at a particular angle from a light source as it passes through a solution
Radial Immunodiffusion antibody is incorporated into the agar gel as it is poured and different dilutions of antigen are placed in holes punched into the agar. The antigen diffuses into the gel, it reacts with the antibody & when the eq. pt is reached ring of precipitation is f
Steps of Agglutination Sensitization Lattice formation
Sensitization The first stage of agglutination. Is rapid and reversible. occurs when antibodies react with antigens on the cells and coat the cells
Lattice formation second stage of agglutination. occurs when antibodies on coated cells form cross-linkages between cells resulting in visible clumping.
Lattice formation factors Ionic strength of solution pH Temperature Amount of Antigen, Antibody
Passive agglutination RBC, bacterial cells, or inert particles such latex can be used as a carrier for soluble antigens. The soluble antigen is absorbed onto the carrier cell or particle, then reacted with the antiserum
Created by: saradansereau
 

 



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