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hgap 1
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| absolute direction | exact direction using cardinal points (N, S, E, W) |
| absolute distance | distance measured in standard units such as miles or kilometers |
| absolute location | exact position on Earth using latitude and longitude |
| activity space | area where a person regularly moves and conducts daily activities |
| aerial photography | images of Earth taken from aircraft |
| border zone | area where boundaries are uncertain or disputed |
| cartogram | map that distorts size to represent data values |
| cartographer | person who creates maps |
| census | official count of a population |
| choropleth map | map using shading to represent data values |
| compass rose | symbol showing directions on a map |
| contagious diffusion | rapid spread of something through direct contact |
| contested boundaries | boundaries that are disputed by different groups |
| cultural ecology | study of human interaction with the environment |
| cultural landscape | visible human imprint on the environment |
| culture | shared beliefs, behaviors, and traits of a group |
| data aggregation | process of organizing data into categories or regions |
| diffusion | spread of ideas, people, or goods across space |
| dot density or dot distribution map | map using dots to show quantity and distribution |
| ecology | study of relationships between organisms and environment |
| ecosystem | community of living organisms interacting with environment |
| elevation | height above sea level |
| environmental determinism | belief that environment controls human actions |
| environmental perception | how people view and interpret the environment |
| expansion diffusion | spread of ideas while remaining strong at origin |
| fieldwork | collection of data directly from the field |
| formal region | area defined by official boundaries and uniform characteristics |
| friction of distance | reduced interaction due to distance |
| functional region | area organized around a central node |
| gender | social and cultural roles associated with sex |
| geographic information system (GIS) | computer system used to analyze spatial data |
| geographic processes | natural or human actions that shape Earth |
| global citizen | person who identifies as part of the global community |
| Global Positioning System (GPS) | satellite system used to determine location |
| global scale | analysis of the entire world |
| globalization | increasing interconnectedness of the world |
| glocal perspective | global ideas adapted to local conditions |
| Goode homolosine projection | map projection that preserves area but interrupts oceans |
| greenhouse effect | warming caused by gases trapping heat in atmosphere |
| greenhouse gases | gases like CO2 that trap heat in the atmosphere |
| hierarchical diffusion | spread through power structures or important nodes |
| human geography | study of human activities and their spatial patterns |
| independent invention | development of similar ideas in different places independently |
| infrastructure | basic systems like transportation and communication |
| interdependence | mutual reliance between people or regions |
| isoline | line connecting points of equal value |
| latitude (lines) | horizontal lines measuring distance north or south of equator |
| legend | key explaining symbols on a map |
| local scale analysis | study of a small area |
| longitude (lines) | vertical lines measuring distance east or west of prime meridian |
| map | representation of Earth's surface |
| map projection | method of transferring Earth onto a flat surface |
| map scale | ratio between map distance and real distance |
| map symbols | icons representing features on a map |
| mental map | personal perception of places |
| Mercator projection | map preserving direction but distorting size near poles |
| metropolitan area | large city and surrounding suburbs |
| national scale analysis | study of a country |
| natural hazard | natural event that threatens life or property |
| natural resources | materials from Earth used by humans |
| nodes | central points of activity |
| nonrenewable resources | resources that cannot be replenished quickly |
| perceptual/vernacular region | region defined by people's perceptions |
| Peters projection | map preserving area but distorting shape |
| place | specific location with human and physical characteristics |
| polar projection | map centered on the poles |
| possibilism | belief humans can modify environment |
| prime meridian | 0° longitude line dividing east and west |
| proportional or graduated circle map | map using circles sized by data values |
| reference map | map showing general locations of places |
| region | area with common characteristics |
| regional analysis | study of a specific region |
| regional identity | people’s sense of belonging to a region |
| regional scale analysis | study of a region |
| relative direction | direction based on location of other places |
| relative distance | distance measured in time, cost, or effort |
| relative location | location compared to other places |
| relocation diffusion | spread through movement of people |
| remote sensing | collecting data from satellites or aircraft |
| renewable resources | resources that can be replenished |
| reverse hierarchical diffusion | spread from lower to higher levels of hierarchy |
| Robinson projection | map balancing distortion of size and shape |
| satellite imagery | images of Earth taken by satellites |
| scale | level of analysis (local to global) |
| sense of place | emotional attachment to a location |
| space | physical gap between objects |
| spatial patterns | arrangement of objects on Earth |
| spatial perspective | view focusing on spatial relationships |
| stimulus diffusion | spread of an idea with modification |
| sustainability | use of resources without depletion |
| thematic map | map showing a specific topic |
| time-distance decay | interaction decreases as distance increases |
| time-space compression | reduction of travel/communication time due to technology |
| topographic map | map showing elevation using contour lines |
| tsunami | large ocean wave caused by underwater disturbance |
Created by:
ush